Cytokine gene polymorphisms in the Dutch population.

Numerous studies have shown that variations in the production and activity of cytokines influence the susceptibility and/or resistance to various infectious agents, autoimmune diseases, and cancer, as well as the predisposition to allograft rejection. Differences in the production of cytokines between individuals are often caused by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the promoter or coding regions of cytokine genes. The cytokine polymorphisms of 107 unrelated Caucasian individuals originating from various parts of the Netherlands were studied and compared with the results of two European (Czech and Italian) populations. Twenty-two SNPs of 13 different cytokine genes were analysed. To test the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, allele frequencies were estimated by direct gene counting. Evaluation of the allele frequencies of the Dutch, Italian and Czech populations showed that five SNPs were significantly different between the Dutch and the Italians, while these SNPs did not vary between the Dutch and the Czechs. This analysis, in combination with other types of immune profiling, may be helpful for prediction of the clinical outcome of various infectious and immune-related disorders, as well as for estimation of the risk for rejection and graft vs. host disease after organ or stem cell transplantation.