Treatment decision for stage I non-seminomatous germ cell tumours based on the risk factor "vascular invasion".

Surveillance has become an alternative treatment modality for stage I non-seminomatous germ cell tumours with reported relapse rates of up to 30% in retrospective studies. Results obtained in our retrospective study showed vascular invasion in primary tumours to be the risk factor with the highest negative predictive value. Since January 1985 patients with stage I non-seminomatous germ cell tumours have been stratified by the presence or absence of vascular invasion in the primary tumour: those without vascular invasion (n = 26; group A) were subjected to a rigorous surveillance programme, while those with vascular invasion (n = 22; group B) were given 2 chemotherapy courses of bleomycin, etoposide and platinum in the hope of preventing progression. Relapse rates were 3.8% and 9% in groups A and B, respectively. The pooled relapse rate for both groups A and B (n = 48) was 6.2% (3/48). After a mean follow-up time of 36 months 95.8% (46/48) of the patients were without evidence of disease.