Antidepressants, prostaglandins and the prevention and treatment of cancer.

Among the putative mechanisms of carcinogenesis are up-regulation of cyclooxygenase, the synthesis and expression of oncogenes, viral activation, signal disruption, failed apoptosis, tumor initiation and promotion, angiogenesis, metastasis, immunosuppression, telomerase activity and autoimmunity. All are regulated by prostaglandins. Observable and radiographic regression of cancer has been documented in patients taking non-steroidal, anti-prostaglandin drugs such as indomethacin and ibuprofen. Antidepressants, too, have prostaglandin-inhibiting properties, and in vivo and in vitro evidence of their antineoplastic actions is emerging.