Relationship of perceived macronutrient and caloric content to affective cognitions about food in eating-disordered, restrained, and unrestrained subjects.

Cognitive sets concerning food were examined in eating-disorder patients and in restrained and unrestrained control subjects. Subjects rated 38 common foods for preference, presence or absence of guilt and danger, preferred monthly frequency, and caloric, fat, and carbohydrate content. Cognitive ratings were examined based upon the individual's perceived amounts of calories and macronutrients. Hedonic ratings of foods perceived as high in fat or calories were different in patients with current or past anorexia and did not change with treatment. The fat-calorie aversions seen in these patients, therefore, appear to be stable trait characteristics of the disorder. Guilt and danger were perceived as separate constructs by unrestrained and restrained control subjects but not by patients. Perceived high amounts of calories or fat triggered stronger feelings of guilt and danger for restrained control subjects and patients (especially bulimic patients) as compared with unrestrained control subjects. The patients' expressions of guilt and danger improved with treatment.