Ashok K Singh1, Yin Jiang, Shveta Gupta, Elhabib Benlhabib. 1. Department of Population Diagnostic Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities Campus, 1333 Gortner Avenue, St Paul, MN 55108, USA. singh001@umn.edu
Abstract
AIMS: Although alcohol drinking impairs the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Thus, the effects of chronic ethanol drinking on the BBB were studied in vivo. METHODS: Alcohol-preferring rats were given for 70 days free choice water and 15% ethanol. Then, they received LPS by i.p. injection. Efflux of [(14)C]sucrose or [(14)C]dextran was measured by their microinjection into the brain. Endothelial cells and neurons were isolated from the brain and analysed for mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the tight-junction (TJ) protein phosphorylation, NFkappaB activation, mRNA levels of TJ proteins, inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta), IL-10, CASPASE-8, and DNA damage. RESULTS: LPS transiently increased [(14)C]sucrose efflux in water drinking, while it caused a lasting increase in [(14)C]sucrose and [(14)C]dextran efflux in ethanol-drinking rats. The time-course of changes in the TJ correlated with (i) an increase in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38(mapk) Jun-N-terminal Kinase (JNK), and TJ protein phosphorylation, (ii) RelA-p50 and p50-p50 activation, and (iii) a decrease in the TJ proteins' mRNA levels in endothelial cells and neurons. Apoptotic cells were detected in water drinking and LPS (WC-LPS) neurons at 24 h after LPS exposure. Neurons from Et-LPS rats did not exhibit apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS: LPS injection in WC-LPS rats transiently disrupted the BBB. Lack of JNK activation and CASPASE-8 may be responsible for lack of apoptosis in endothelial cells and vice versa in neurons. Chronic alcohol drinking in ethanol drinking and LPS (Et-LPS) rats augmented and dysregulated the LPS-induced BBB abnormalities but suppressed apoptosis in neurons.
AIMS: Although alcohol drinking impairs the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Thus, the effects of chronic ethanol drinking on the BBB were studied in vivo. METHODS:Alcohol-preferring rats were given for 70 days free choice water and 15% ethanol. Then, they received LPS by i.p. injection. Efflux of [(14)C]sucrose or [(14)C]dextran was measured by their microinjection into the brain. Endothelial cells and neurons were isolated from the brain and analysed for mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the tight-junction (TJ) protein phosphorylation, NFkappaB activation, mRNA levels of TJ proteins, inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta), IL-10, CASPASE-8, and DNA damage. RESULTS:LPS transiently increased [(14)C]sucrose efflux in water drinking, while it caused a lasting increase in [(14)C]sucrose and [(14)C]dextran efflux in ethanol-drinking rats. The time-course of changes in the TJ correlated with (i) an increase in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38(mapk) Jun-N-terminal Kinase (JNK), and TJ protein phosphorylation, (ii) RelA-p50 and p50-p50 activation, and (iii) a decrease in the TJ proteins' mRNA levels in endothelial cells and neurons. Apoptotic cells were detected in water drinking and LPS (WC-LPS) neurons at 24 h after LPS exposure. Neurons from Et-LPSrats did not exhibit apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS:LPS injection in WC-LPSrats transiently disrupted the BBB. Lack of JNK activation and CASPASE-8 may be responsible for lack of apoptosis in endothelial cells and vice versa in neurons. Chronic alcohol drinking in ethanol drinking and LPS (Et-LPS) rats augmented and dysregulated the LPS-induced BBB abnormalities but suppressed apoptosis in neurons.
Authors: Christa M Helms; Ilhem Messaoudi; Sophia Jeng; Willard M Freeman; Kent E Vrana; Kathleen A Grant Journal: Alcohol Clin Exp Res Date: 2011-12-05 Impact factor: 3.455
Authors: Michael A Collins; Edward J Neafsey; Kenneth J Mukamal; Mary O Gray; Dale A Parks; Dipak K Das; Ronald J Korthuis Journal: Alcohol Clin Exp Res Date: 2008-11-19 Impact factor: 3.455