Targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-receptor-signaling in renal cell carcinoma.

Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is resistant to conventional chemotherapy. Combined data for a variety of immunotherapies resulted in an overall chance of partial (PR) or complete remission (CR) of only 12.9%. There is a clear need for novel, more effective therapies to prevent relapse, control metastases and improve overall survival. Improved understanding of RCC disease biology has led to the introduction of molecularly targeted treatment strategies in these cancers. Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene inactivation is observed in most clear cell renal carcinoma, resulting in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) over-expression and driving the malignant phenotype. This review discusses the efficacy of novel therapies targeting the VEGF receptor (VEGFR) (e.g. anti-VEGF antibodies, VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, mTOR inhibitors), some of which were recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration/European Medicines Evaluation Agency (FDA/EMEA) and represent the new treatment standards in RCC patients.