Surgical treatment of obesity and its effect on diabetes: 10-y follow-up.

Since 1980 we have performed the identical Greenville gastric bypass (GGB) procedure on 479 morbidly obese patients with an acceptable morbidity and a mortality rate of 1.2%. The weight loss in the series was well maintained over the follow-up period of 10 y. The GGB can control non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in most patients. The group of 479 patients included 101 (21%) with NIDDM and another 62 (13%) who were glucose impaired. Of these 163 individuals, 141 reverted to normal and only 22 (5%) remained with inadequate control of their carbohydrate metabolism. Those patients who were older or whose diabetes was of longer duration were less likely to revert to normal values. The gastric bypass operation is an effective approach for the treatment of morbid obesity. Along with its control of weight, the operation also controls the hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance of the majority of patients with either glucose impairment or frank NIDDM.