HIV transmission among drug users in Larkana, Pakistan.

During a routine surveillance programme, 17 of 183 drug users in Larkana, Pakistan, were found to be HIV positive. To investigate the factors to this rapid transmission of HIV, a case-control study was conducted. Cases were HIV seropositive male drug dependants, while controls were drug dependants who were tested to be HIV seronegative. A total number of seven cases and 14 controls were recruited for the investigation at a case:control ratio of 1:2. Univariate logistic regression analysis of the data showed that injection drug use in groups, re-using a syringe that is used by a companion, sex with commercial sex workers, having multiple sex partners, and early initiation of sexual activity were associated with HIV seropositivity among heroin addicts.