Vertebroplasty in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral body fracture.

During the last few years, vertebroplasty has gained a wide acceptance for the treatment of painful osteoporotic vertebral body fractures and osteolytic changes. However, new guidelines with significant changes in indications and technique were published recently in Europe. Therefore, the aim of this review is to highlight recent changes in indications for vertebroplasty, patient work-up and changes in procedural technique, and to give an overview of patient outcome and possible complications. Therefore, technical details like different types of fluoroscopy, needle placement, pain management during the intervention, recommended equipment, including bone cement, and the use of venography are discussed. Postprocedural issues are noted, including the risk of minor and major complications and the expected outcome of the treated patients.