Mycoplasma pulmonis possesses a novel chemoattractant for B lymphocytes.

Mycoplasma pulmonis causes chronic murine respiratory mycoplasmosis, which is characterized by extensive peribronchial and perivascular infiltration of mononuclear cells, including B lymphocytes. B-lymphocyte recruitment into sites of inflammation is presently poorly understood but must involve directed chemotaxis of these cells in response to some external recruitment stimulus. In these studies, picogram amounts of M. pulmonis membrane protein were found to possess potent chemoattractant activity for resting rat B lymphocytes. This report is the first description of a bacterially derived chemoattractant for B lymphocytes and offers a unique opportunity to study regulation of B-lymphocyte recruitment to a site of chronic pulmonary inflammation. Furthermore, M. pulmonis membrane activation of fresh rat serum was found to produce a potent stimulus for recruitment of peritoneal and alveolar macrophages. M. pulmonis-mediated recruitment of lymphocytes and macrophages may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of murine respiratory mycoplasmosis, a role in which organisms on the bronchiolar epithelial surfaces may release proteins which can directly or indirectly promote chemotaxis of inflammatory cells from the circulation.