D S Gaur1, M Talekar, V P Pathak. 1. Department of Pathology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun 248140, Uttaranchal, India. dugaur@yahoo.com
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Defective sperm quality is a significant cause of infertility. It is known that cigarette smoking affects semen quality. Our aim was to compare the semen of infertile cigarette smokers with infertile non-smokers to study the effect of smoking on semen quality. METHODS: Semen samples of 100 cigarette smokers and 100 strictly non-smoking primary infertility patients were included in the study, following stringent exclusion criteria. Smokers were categorised as light, moderate and heavy smokers. Semen samples were examined for asthenozoospermia, oligozoospermia and teratozoospermia, according to World Health Organisation guidelines. RESULTS: 39 percent of non-smokers showed normozoospermia, while only three percent of smokers were normozoospermics. Light smokers predominantly showed asthenozoospermia. Heavy smokers showed asthenozoospermia, teratozoospermia and oligozoospermia. Statistical analysis using Fisher's exact test showed that the incidence of both isolated asthenozoospermia (p-value is 0.0015) and asthenozoospermia with teratozoospermia (p-value is 0.0106) among smokers was significant, in comparison to non-smokers. Overall impact of asthenozoospermia (p-value is less than 0.0001) and teratozoospermia (p-value is 0.0328) but not of oligozoospermia was observed on the semen quality in smokers, compared with non-smokers. CONCLUSION: Asthenozoospermia, the most common semen variable in our study, can be an early indicator of reduction in quality of semen, as seen in light smokers. In addition, heavy smoking produces teratozoospermia, which further reduces semen quality. Oligozoospermia may be due to factors other than smoking.
INTRODUCTION: Defective sperm quality is a significant cause of infertility. It is known that cigarette smoking affects semen quality. Our aim was to compare the semen of infertile cigarette smokers with infertile non-smokers to study the effect of smoking on semen quality. METHODS: Semen samples of 100 cigarette smokers and 100 strictly non-smoking primary infertilitypatients were included in the study, following stringent exclusion criteria. Smokers were categorised as light, moderate and heavy smokers. Semen samples were examined for asthenozoospermia, oligozoospermia and teratozoospermia, according to World Health Organisation guidelines. RESULTS: 39 percent of non-smokers showed normozoospermia, while only three percent of smokers were normozoospermics. Light smokers predominantly showed asthenozoospermia. Heavy smokers showed asthenozoospermia, teratozoospermia and oligozoospermia. Statistical analysis using Fisher's exact test showed that the incidence of both isolated asthenozoospermia (p-value is 0.0015) and asthenozoospermia with teratozoospermia (p-value is 0.0106) among smokers was significant, in comparison to non-smokers. Overall impact of asthenozoospermia (p-value is less than 0.0001) and teratozoospermia (p-value is 0.0328) but not of oligozoospermia was observed on the semen quality in smokers, compared with non-smokers. CONCLUSION:Asthenozoospermia, the most common semen variable in our study, can be an early indicator of reduction in quality of semen, as seen in light smokers. In addition, heavy smoking produces teratozoospermia, which further reduces semen quality. Oligozoospermia may be due to factors other than smoking.
Authors: S Vamsee Raju; Patricia L Jackson; Clifford A Courville; Carmel M McNicholas; Peter A Sloane; Gina Sabbatini; Sherry Tidwell; Li Ping Tang; Bo Liu; James A Fortenberry; Caleb W Jones; Jeremy A Boydston; J P Clancy; Larry E Bowen; Frank J Accurso; J Edwin Blalock; Mark T Dransfield; Steven M Rowe Journal: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Date: 2013-12-01 Impact factor: 21.405
Authors: Ciro Silveira Pereira; Maria Silvina Juchniuk de Vozzi; Silvio Avelino Dos Santos; Maria Aparecida C Vasconcelos; Cláudia Cp de Paz; Jeremy A Squire; Lucia Martelli Journal: Mol Cytogenet Date: 2014-09-12 Impact factor: 2.009
Authors: Ashok Agarwal; Rakesh Sharma; Sajal Gupta; Renata Finelli; Neel Parekh; Manesh Kumar Panner Selvam; Ralf Henkel; Damayanthi Durairajanayagam; Camila Pompeu; Sarah Madani; Andrea Belo; Neha Singh; Simryn Covarrubias; Sara Darbandi; Raha Sadeghi; Mahsa Darbandi; Paraskevi Vogiatzi; Florence Boitrelle; Mara Simopoulou; Ramadan Saleh; Mohamed Arafa; Ahmad Majzoub; Hussein Kandil; Armand Zini; Edmund Ko; Juan G Alvarez; Marlon Martinez; Jonathan Ramsay; Sunil Jindal; Gian Maria Busetto; Hassan Sallam; Israel Maldonado; Christina Anagnostopoulou; Marco G Alves; Pallav Sengupta; Kambiz Gilany; Donald P Evenson; Sheena E M Lewis; Jaime Gosalvez; Rafael F Ambar; Rupin Shah Journal: World J Mens Health Date: 2021-06-17 Impact factor: 6.494