Psychosocial responses in breast cancer survivors.

OBJECTIVES: To review the evidence on psychosocial responses in breast cancer survivors (BCS); identify factors that influence those responses; and propose patterns of psychosocial functioning that may provide a framework for assessment and intervention. DATA SOURCES: Research articles/abstracts; literature reviews.
CONCLUSION: The majority of breast cancer survivors demonstrate a pattern of recovery. Age, information, communication, social and emotional support, family, and degree of symptom distress are known factors influencing QOL outcomes. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Assessment of psychosocial functioning is essential to identify needs and risk factors. Interventions should be targeted to meet informational needs, promote effective communication, manage uncertainty, control symptoms, enhance social and emotional support, and address cultural differences.