OBJECTIVE: To adapt to Portuguese, of Portugal, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales, a 21-item short scale (DASS 21), designed to measure depression, anxiety and stress. METHOD: After translation and back-translation with the help of experts, the DASS 21 was administered to patients in external psychiatry consults (N=101), and its internal consistency, construct validity and concurrent validity were measured. RESULTS: The DASS 21 properties certify its quality to measure emotional states. The instrument reveals good internal consistency. Factorial analysis shows that the two-factor structure is more adequate. The first factor groups most of the items that theoretically assess anxiety and stress, and the second groups most of the items that assess depression, explaining, on the whole, 58.54% of total variance. The strong positive correlation between the DASS 21 and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HAD) confirms the hypothesis regarding the criterion validity, however, revealing fragilities as to the divergence between theoretically different constructs.
OBJECTIVE: To adapt to Portuguese, of Portugal, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales, a 21-item short scale (DASS 21), designed to measure depression, anxiety and stress. METHOD: After translation and back-translation with the help of experts, the DASS 21 was administered to patients in external psychiatry consults (N=101), and its internal consistency, construct validity and concurrent validity were measured. RESULTS: The DASS 21 properties certify its quality to measure emotional states. The instrument reveals good internal consistency. Factorial analysis shows that the two-factor structure is more adequate. The first factor groups most of the items that theoretically assess anxiety and stress, and the second groups most of the items that assess depression, explaining, on the whole, 58.54% of total variance. The strong positive correlation between the DASS 21 and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HAD) confirms the hypothesis regarding the criterion validity, however, revealing fragilities as to the divergence between theoretically different constructs.
Authors: Antonio P Serafim; Ricardo S S Durães; Cristiana C A Rocca; Priscila D Gonçalves; Fabiana Saffi; Alexandre Cappellozza; Mauro Paulino; Rodrigo Dumas-Diniz; Sofia Brissos; Rute Brites; Laura Alho; Francisco Lotufo-Neto Journal: PLoS One Date: 2021-02-03 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Águeda Parra; Inmaculada Sánchez-Queija; María Del Carmen García-Mendoza; Susana Coimbra; José Egídio Oliveira; Marta Díez Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2019-08-02 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: Rodolfo F Damiano; Aline O Furtado; Betina N da Silva; Oscarina da S Ezequiel; Alessandra Lg Lucchetti; Lisabeth F DiLalla; Sean Tackett; Robert B Shochet; Giancarlo Lucchetti Journal: J Med Educ Curric Dev Date: 2020-01-27