Literature DB >> 17276549

Accessibility of Internet references in Annals of Emergency Medicine: is it time to require archiving?

Andrea W Thorp1, Lance Brown.   

Abstract

STUDY
OBJECTIVE: We seek to evaluate the accessibility of all Internet references appearing in Annals of Emergency Medicine from 2000, 2003, and 2005. Secondary objectives are to determine whether the number of Internet references is increasing and to describe how Internet references are inaccessible.
METHODS: We visually scanned all articles for references made in the printed version of Annals of Emergency Medicine for 2000, 2003, and 2005. We identified the Internet references and grouped them into 11 categories according to the results of entering the uniform resource locator (URL) into the Internet browser.
RESULTS: We identified 15,745 references published in Annals of Emergency Medicine. The proportion of Internet references increased from 1% of the total references in 2000 to 5.4% in 2005. Internet references were not readily accessible for 40 of 51 Internet references in 2000 (78%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 65% to 88%), 161 of 286 Internet references in 2003 (56%; 95% CI 50% to 62%), and 111 of 249 Internet references in 2005 (45%; 95% CI 39% to 51%). Inaccessibility was most commonly manifested by URLs that no longer link to active Web sites (172 of 312 inaccessible Internet references [55%]; 95% CI 50% to 61%) and URLs that linked to generic home pages where the authors' referenced material could not be found (115 of 312 inaccessible Internet references [37%]; 95% CI 32% to 42%).
CONCLUSION: In Annals of Emergency Medicine, older Internet references appear to be less accessible than newer references. Internet reference archiving is one solution to preserving this information for future readers.

Entities:  

Mesh：

Year:  2007        PMID： 17276549      PMCID： PMC7132527          DOI： 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2006.11.019

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Ann Emerg Med        ISSN： 0196-0644            Impact factor:   5.721


Introduction

The desire to preserve important writings for future generations has existed for centuries as people have designed ways to store, catalogue, and retrieve information.1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Recently, the Internet has become a transformative technologic advance for dispersing information to a widespread audience. Because searching, organizing, and sharing information has never been easier, authors of medical and scientific articles have been incorporating Internet references to support material in their publications.6, 7 Approximately 3% of all references within recently published scientific and medical journals are Internet references.6, 7 In our own experience retrieving Internet references, we found that many of them were no longer active or no longer contained the material originally referenced in the article. Using Internet references within published articles becomes problematic for the readers of scientific and medical journals if the supporting material for factual statements disappears. This problem has been identified in high-impact-factor journals such as Journal of the American Medical Association, Science, and New England Journal of Medicine.7, 8, 9 What is already known on this topic With increasing frequency, scientific articles cite Internet materials in their reference section. The cited sites may not be stable. What question this study addressed How often are Internet sites cited in Annals of Emergency Medicine, and do they remain accessible? What this study adds to our knowledge Less than one quarter of Web sites cited in 2000 articles and less than half of Web sites cited in 2005 articles were accessible in 2006. How this might change clinical practice Unlike references to printed material, references to Internet material are unstable and decay over time. In light of this evidence, journals should consider requiring that all Internet references be made through WebCite or other free, permanent archival services. Our objective was to evaluate the accessibility of all Internet references appearing in Annals of Emergency Medicine for 2000, 2003, and 2005. Secondary objectives were to determine whether the number of Internet references is increasing and to describe how Internet references are inaccessible.

Materials and Methods

All references published in the printed version of Annals of Emergency Medicine from January through December 2000, 2003, and 2005 were included in our study. We excluded references within advertisements or supplemental publications. We grouped each reference into one of 8 categories: medical/scientific journals, books and book chapters, government documents, presentations and announcements, newsletters and newspapers, databases and software, pamphlets and package inserts, and Internet references. The Internet reference category comprised our main study group. Throughout a 2-month period (August to September 2006), we attempted to access all Internet references cited in Annals of Emergency Medicine during our study years. In a post hoc analysis, we classified the Internet references into 11 categories (Table 1). To better interpret the data, we then organized the 11 categories in 2 main groups. The first group consisted of Internet references that were readily accessible and contained information that the author intended to cite. The second group consisted of Internet references that failed to contain readily accessible information that the author intended to cite.
Table 1

Internet reference categories and descriptions of these categories.

Internet Reference CategoryDescription of Category
Internet references that are readily accessible
Active siteA Web site that immediately displayed the authors’ intended information
Reference found with site searchA related but generic home page appeared, and the information could be identified using the site-specific search engine⁎
Temporarily unavailable but now activeA Web site that initially gave a “temporarily unavailable” message, but the site became active during our data collection period
Internet references that are not readily accessible
Restricted siteA Web site that required a password to enter and search the site
Publisher’s siteA Web site in which the book or software that contained the authors’ intended information could be purchased
Reference not found with site searchA related but generic home page appeared, but the site-specific search engine could not locate the authors’ intended information within the first 10 results
No site search capabilityA related but generic home page appeared, but the Web site did not have a site-specific search function to locate the authors’ intended information
Temporarily unavailableAn Internet reference that remained in this category consistently gave a “temporarily unavailable” message throughout our data collection period
Updated version of same informationA Web site that contained the authors’ intended information, but the data had clearly been updated since the reference had been published in Annals of Emergency Medicine†
Information mismatchA Web site that has no relation to the authors’ intended information
No site foundA Web site could not be found or a 404 error occurred

See text for a description of a related but generic home page.

For example, an eMedicine article with the same title and author as referenced in Annals of Emergency Medicine that had been modified after publication of the Internet reference.

Internet reference categories and descriptions of these categories. See text for a description of a related but generic home page. For example, an eMedicine article with the same title and author as referenced in Annals of Emergency Medicine that had been modified after publication of the Internet reference. We entered all the Internet references into a spreadsheet and checked the spelling of each uniform resource locator (URL) against the original published Internet reference at the time of data entry and again if the Internet reference was placed in the “no site found” category. The spreadsheet was linked to an Internet browser (Firefox, version 1.5.0.1; Mozilla Foundation, Mountain View, CA), and double-clicking on each URL directly from the spreadsheet accessed the URLs. These spreadsheets can be found in Appendix E1, available online at http://www.annemergmed.com. We were concerned that the dynamic nature of the Internet would give the “no site found” message or “temporarily unavailable” message erroneously. To avoid misclassification when these messages appeared, we retried each site at least 24 hours after the failed attempt.
Appendix E1
Web siteIntended InfoClassificationOriginal Annals reference
Jan-00
http://www.fsis.usda.gov/ophs/salmdata.htmlHACCP implementation: first year Salmonella test results 1998-19995Karras. Incidence of Foodborne illnesses: preliminary data from the goodborne diseases active surveillance network. CDC Update. 2000 35:1:92-95
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol3no4/tauxe.htmTauxe RV. Emerging Food Borne Diseases1same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol5no 1/altekruse.htmAltekruse, Stem, et al. C.jejuni-an emerging foodborne pathogen.0same as above
http://www.detoxcenter.comGooberman LL. Heroin detox: 4 hr medical procedure6Bulthuis, Diaz. Ultrarapid opiate detoxification (letter). 2000. 35:1;100-101
http://www.phillynews.com/inquirer/99/sep/29/sj/Bahadur, Stenzler. NJ panel is probing detox physician5same as above
Feb-00
http://www.acep.org/policyEmergency information form for children with special needs; policy statement 19995Abrunzo, et al. Role of Emergency Physicians in the care of the child in school. 2000. 35:2;155-159
Mar-00
http://www.medpac.govMedicare Payment Advisory Commission; Report to the Congress.March 19995Henry, et al. Inadequate hospital reimbursement for victims of motor vehicle crashes due to health reform legislation. 35:3;3;277-282
http://www.hcfa.gov/medicaid/bba2208c.htmMedicaid policies under the balanced budget act of 1997. State Medicaid Director letter feb. 19980Irvin, Fox. Reimbursement impact of Medicaid managed care organizations replacing standard medicaid. 2000. 35:3;287-290
http://www.hcfa.gov/medicaid/trends97.htmNational summary of medicaid managed care programs and enrollment, June 19970same as above
http://www.freep.comAnstett P. Big Loss hits Ford Health System. Nov. 19985same as above
http://www.hcfa.gov/medicaid/bba-qmb.htmMedicaid policies under the balanced budget act of 1997. Medicaid director letter Nov. 19970same as above
http://www.aispub.comHCFA checking emergency room provider complaints over prudent layperson ignorance. Aug 23, 19996Tintinalli. Analysis of insurance payment denials using prudent layperson standard. 2000. 35:3;291-293
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/abcs/gas98.pdf1999 Active Bacterial Core Surveillance Report, Emerging Infections Program0Talan, Moran. Commentary: Use of pulsed field gel electrophoresis for investigation of a cluster of invasive GAS illnesses. CDC Update. 2000. 35:3;308-310
Apr-00
May-00
http://www.cdc.gov/nchswww/data/inj.pdfInstructions for completing the cause-of-death section of the death certificate for injury and poisoning0Hoppe-Roberts, et al. Poisoning Mortality statistics in the US; Comparison of national mortality staistics and poison control center reports. 2000; 35:5;440-446
http://www.cdc.gov/nchswww/about/major/dvs/brief.htmPossible solutions to common problems in death certification, 19971same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/nchswww/datawh/statab/unpubd/mortabs/gmwki.htmGeneral mortality tables, total deaths for each cause by 5 year age groups, United States, 1993, 1994, 1995, and 1996.1same as above
Jun-00
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/nhlbi/nhlbi.htmExpert Panel Report 2: Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma0Boudreaux, et al. Telephone follow-up after the ED visit: Experience with acute asthma. 2000; 35:6;555-563
http://www2.cdc.gov/nccdphp/brfss/display.adpCDC tobacco use prevalence 19960same as above
http://www.acep.org/policy/PO400198.HTMNon beneficial emergency medical interventions; policy statement march 19980Marco, et al. Determination of futility in Emergency Medicine. 2000. 35:6;604-612
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http://www.hcqualitycommission.gov/President’s Advisory Commission on Consumer protection. Quality First:Better Health Care for all Americans1Wears, et al. Human Error in Medicine: Promise and pitfalls, Part I (Health policy) 2000. 36:1;58-60
http://www.spectator.orgGrossman E. God’s work.6same as above
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http://www.fda.gov/cber/gdlns/popharm.pdfUS dept. Health and Human Svs. Guidance for industry population pharmacokinetics. 19991Sivilotti, et al. Toxicokinetics of ethylene glycol during fomepizole therapy: implications for management. 2000. 36:2;114-125
http://www.fahs.comHospital in Crisis. Post BBA and Post BBRA. Ernst and Young and HCIA-Sachs 5/20005Baxt. Crisis at america’s teaching hospitals. 2000. 36:2;145-148
http://www.fahs.comTalking Points. Federation of American Health System, Bulletin. May 8, 2000.6same as above
http://www.nap.eduAmerica’s Health Care Safety Net: intact but endangered.7same as above
http://www.crtia.beMapfe Medical Foundation. Brugada syndrome.6Jones, Gage. Brugada Syndrome as the cause of syncope in a 49 year old man. 2000. 36:2;156-159
Sep-00
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http://www.AsthmalnAmerica.comSchulman, Ronca, and Bucuvalas. Asthma in America0same as above
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed/PubMed1Cydulka. Easire Breathing? (Editorial). 2000. 36:3;236-238
http://www.njkidcare.orgNJ Kidcare FAQ0Nedza, et al. Emergency departments and uninsured children: An enrollment opportunity (Editorial). 2000. 36:3;240-242
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http://www.consort-statement.orgConsort Web Site1same as above
http://www.cma.ca/cmaj/vol-162/issue-3/0362.htmJadad, et al. Internet and evidence-based decision-making: a needed synergy for efficient knowledge management in health care.0same as above
Oct-00
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http://www.oas.org/EN/MSTATES/gofhon.htm1996 population and administrative divisions in 19970same as above
http://www.honduras.com/vitals-statistics/hondurasmap.jpgMap of administrative divisions of 19975same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/osp/us9693/oieaer.htmPublic-use data file and documentation.0same as above
http://www.lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/hntoc.htmlMerrill, ed. US Library of congress country study-Honduras0same as above
http://acep.org/POLICY/P0400052Motor Vehicle Safety0Corneli, et al. Adults and Children in Motor Vehicle Crashes: a matched pairs study. 2000. 36:4;340-345
http://www.near.eduNational Emergency Airway Registry1Grossman, Schriger. Immobilization technique and blade choice in the endotracheal intubation of trauma patients (Editorial). 2000. 36:4;351-353
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/hivinfo.htmNational Center for HIV, STD, and TB prevention web site.1Merchant. Nonoccupational HIV postexposure prophylaxis. 2000. 36:4;366-375
http://www.hivatis.orgHIV/AIDS Treatment Information Service5same as above
www.psychiatry.med.uwo.ca/ddp/education/titlepage.htmPublished health care guidelines for specific diagnostic entities assoc. with MR0Sullivan, et al. Enhancing the Emergency department outcomes of patients with mental retardation (letter) 2000. 36:4;399-400
Nov-00
http://www.samhsa.gov/oas/nhsda/ar18ttoc.htmPreliminary estimates from the 1995 National Household Survey on drug abuse0Feldman, et al. Acute cardiac ischemia in patients with cocaine-associated complaints. 2000. 36:5;469-476
http://www.samhsa.gov/oas/dawn/ar17_toc.htmPreliminary estimates from the drug abuse warning network0same as above
www.asahq.org/Standards/20.htmStandards: continuum of depth of sedation/definition of general anesthesia and levels of sedation/analgesia0Green, Krauss. The semantics of ketamine (Editorial). 2000. 36:5;480-482
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http://www.american-heart.org/statistics/05stroke.htmlAHA Statistics, 2000. Stroke0Neumar. Molecular mechanisms of ischemic neuronal injury. 2000. 36:5;483-506
http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/epc/Evidence-based practice centers; synthesizing scientific evidence to ijmpmrove quality and effectiveness in clinical care.1Schriger. One is the loneliest number: Be skeptical of evidence summaries based on limited literature reviews. (EBEM). 2000. 36:5;517-519
Dec-00
http://venus.census.gov/cdrom/lookup1990 Census Lookup: Database STF3C-Part I0Harper, et al. Motor vehicle crash fatalities: A comparison of Hispanic and non-Hispanic motorists in Colorado. 2000.36:6;589-596
http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/contents/full/102/2/e16Shaw, Gorelick, McGowan, et al. Prevalence of urinary tract infection in febrile young children in the emergency department0Baraff Management of fever without a source in infants and children. 2000. 36:6;602-614
2003
Jan-03
http://www.nrahq.org/education/guide.aspNRA Gun Safety Rules1Milne, et al. Effect of current federal regulations on handgun safety features. 2003. 41:1;1-9
http://www.smith-wesson.com/misc/ilock.htmlA Lock You can’t Lose; Smith & Wesson announces new internal firearms locking system0same as above
http://webapp.cdc.gov/sasweb/ncipc/mortrate10.html1999 United states; firearm deaths and rates per 100,0005Ismach, et al. Unintended shootings in a large metropolitan area. 2003. 41:1;10-16
http://www.nra.orgA parents guide to gun safety4same as above
http://www.nra.org/eddie/eddiemain.htmlNRA’s Eddie Eagle Program0same as above
http://ojjdp.ncjrs.org/pubs/gun_violence/profile49.htmlFairfax, Eddie eagle elementary gun safety education program1same as above
http://www.taurususa.com/PDF2002/security.pdfTaurus Internation Manufacturing web site0Teret, Lewin. Policy and technology for safer guns.2003. 41:1;32-34
http://www.nraila.orgNewsCenter.asp?FormMode=Detail&ID=894&T=printBeretta announces position concerning “smart gun” technology.0same as above
http://www.time.com/time/magazine/archivesEisenberg. Flu victims are flooding into ER. Jan. 31, 20005Lambe, et al. Waiting times in California’s Emergency Departments. 2003. 41:1;35-43
http://my.webmd.com/content/article/1728.55255Hoffman. Patience lost in overcrowded ER’s1same as above
http://www.emsa.ca.gov/Dms2/hospcrwdrpt.aspCalifornia healthcare crisis: overview of hospital/EMS winter 1997-981same as above
http://www.dartmouth.edu/~atlasBubolz, Fisher, Gittelsohn. The Dartmouth Atlas of Health Care in the Pacific States5same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/ad/ad313.pdfMcCraig. National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survery 19981same as above
http://www.census.gov/population/estimates/state/st-99-3.txtUS Bureau of the Census. 1990-991same as above
http://www.hworks.advisory.com/pdfs/hworks_ed_cs_stmarks.pdfThe Clockwork ED; H*works0same as above
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http://www.ewjm.com/cgi/content/full/173/3/189Kelly. Migraine; pharmacotherapy in the ED0same as above
http://hookman.com/mp9807.htm1998 data from US General Accounting Office, ohio Hosp. Assoc. and St. Paul insurance co.9Croskerry. Cognitive forcing strategies in clinical decisionmaking. 2003. 41:1;110-120
http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles1/bja/fs000247.pdfStrategic approaches to clandestine drug laboratory enforcement fact sheet1Lee J. Anhydrous ammonia Eye injuries Associated with illicit Methamphetamine Production (letter). 2003. 41:1;157
http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles1/176331.pdfPennel, Ellett, Reinick, et al. Meth matters: report on methamphetamine users in five western cities.1same as above
Feb-03
http://www.acem.org.au/open/documents/triage.htmPolicy statement. The Australasian triage scale0Nakagawa, et al. Interobserver agreement in ED triage. 2003. 41:2;191-196
http://www.acem.org.au/open/documents/triageguide.htmGuidelines for the implementation of the Australasian triage scale in ED0same as above
http://www.caep.ca/002.policies/00202.CTAS/CTAS-guidelines.htmBeveridge, Clarke, Janes. Implementation guidelines for the Canadian ED Triage and Acuity Scale5same as above
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http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pdf/nrd-30/NCSA/TSF2001/2001overview.pdfTraffic safety facts 2001; overview1same as above
http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pdf/nrd-30/NCSA/Rpts/2002/809-438.pdfCharacteristics of fatal rollover crashes. 20021same as above
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/rollover/Rollover; the hidden story of the SUV1same as above
http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/economic/EconImpact2000/EconomicImpact.pdfThe economic impact of motor vehicle crashes, 20000same as above
http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pdf/nrd-30/NCSA/Rpts/2002/Assess01.pdfMotor vehicle traffic crash fatality and injury estimates for 20011same as above
http://www.ncsl.org/programs/esnr/trafficsafety01.pdfSavage, Kawanabe, et al. State Traffic Safety legislative summary 20010same as above
http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pdf/nrd-30/NCSA/Rpts/2002/00AlcoholRpt.pdfAlcohol involvement in fatal crashes 20001same as above
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/homicide/intimates.htmFox, Zawitz, Homicide trends in the US; intimate homicide1Wintemute, et al. Increased risk of intimate partner homicide among California women who purchased handguns (letter). 2003. 41:2;281-283
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Mar-03
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http://www.bls.census.gov/cps/racethn/1995/stat40rp.htmTucker, McKay, Kojetin. Testing methods of collecting racial and ethnic information.1same as above
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http://www.census.gov/prod/www/statistical-abstract-us.htmlCensus. Statistical Abstract of the US 20021same as above
http://www.nationalhomeless.org/facts.htmlFacts about homelessness; Coalition for the Homeless0same as above
http://gasnet.med.yale.edu/esia/1998/june/samart.htmlLevitan. Direct laryngoscopy imaging; teaching and reasearch applications. synopses June 19981Levitan, et al. Head elevated laryngoscopy position: Improving laryngeal exposure. 2003. 41:3;322-330
http://www.acc.orgBraunwald. Antman, Beasley. ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina and non-st segment elevation MI.5Pollack, Roe, Peterson. 2002 update to the ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina and non-ST-Segment elevation MI. 2003. 41:2;355-368
http://www.acc.org/clinical/guidelines/nov96/1999/index.htmACC website: Urgent reperfusion with fibrinolysis or percutaneous coronary intervention5same as above
http://www.clinicaltrialresults.orgClinical Trials website: TIMI risk score downloadable for palm5same as above
http://www.cites.orgInternational Trade in Endangered species of wild fauna and flora website; new classification for the hognosed viper5Schier, et al. Efficacy of Crotalidae polyvalent antivenin for the treatment of hognosed viper envenomation. 2003. 41:3;391-395
http://www3.cancer.gov/prevention/bb/satscan.htmlKulldorf, Rand, Williams. SaTScan version 1.01Moran, Talan. CDC Update.Syndromic surveillance for bioterrorism following the attacks on the World Trade Center. 2003. 41:3;414-418
http://www.east.orgEAST Ad Hoc Committee for the development of Practice Management Guidelines. Trauma practice guidelines.5Green, Rothrock. Reply to Pediatric Trauma is a surgical disease (letter). 2003. 41:3;424-425
http://www.acgme.orgReport of ACGME resident duty hours. June 11,20024Tyler. Resident work hours (letter). 2003. 41:3;427-428
http://www.bma.org.ukJunior doctors committee, British Medical Assoc. Junior doctors: hours of work, out of hours pay and the Eurpoean Working Time Directive6same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/wisqars/Web-based injury statistics query and reporting systems. CDC web site5Wintemute. Gun carrying among male adolescents as a function of gun ownership in the general population (letter). 2003. 41:3;428-429
Apr-03
http://www.ashp.org/bestpractices/drugdistribution/Drug%20Distribution%20and%20Control%20Preparation%20Handling%20Guideline%20Assu.%20for%20Phar.%20Prep.%20Ster.%20Prod.pdfASHP guideline on quality assurance for pharmacy-prepared sterile products.0Geller, et al. Atropine availability as an antidote for nerve agent casualties. 2003. 41:4;453-456
http://www.nyc.gov/html/fdny/html/mck_report/toc.htmlCity of New York. The McKinsey Report. Increasing FDNY’s awareness1Cone, et al. Convergent volunteerism (Editorial). 2003. 41:4;457-461
http://www.epmonthly.com/EPNewsInRealm.asp?showarchive=1&artname=275Glueck, Cihak. Docs deserve a little credit0same as above
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www.t2.unh.edu/fall98/pg6-7.htmlUniv. New Hampshire Technology Transfer Center. Incident command system1same as above
http://www.usfa.fema.gov/downloads/pdf/publications/tr-068.pdfFire, Police and EMS Coordination at apartment building explosion; Harlem, NYC. Nov. 1992.1same as above
http://www.coe-dmha.orgAufderHeide. Disaster Response: principles of Preparation and Coordination.19895AufDerHeide. Convergence behavior in disasters (Editorial). 2003. 41:4;463-466
www.nyc.gov/html/fdny/html/mck_report/toc.htmlMcKinsey and Company; Increasing FDNY’s preparedness.1same as above
http://www.justiceworks.unh.eduLund DA. Learning to Talk: The lessons of Non-operability in public safety communications systems6same as above
http://www.cbaci.org/main.htmManzi, Powers, Zetterlund. Critical information flows in the Alfred Murrah Building Bombing0same as above
http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/combinedregtext.pdfDept. of Health and Human Svcs. Standards for Privacy of individually identifiable health information1same as above
http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/hipaa/finalreg.htmlStandards for privacy of individually identifiable health information4same as above
http://www.acep.org/library/pdf/edCrowdingReport.pdf.2002Franaszek, Asplin, Brunner. Responding to emergency dept. crowding; a guidebook for chapters.0same as above
http://www.acep.org/1,5201,0.htmlACEP. Gov. overcrowding survey to collect crucial information.0same as above
http://www.state.ma.us/dph/bhqm/ambdiv.htmMass healthcare ambulance diversion task force.0same as above
http://www.nihp.org/EACS%20Dialogue%208-27-02.htmNIH Policy. Emergency and acute care system capacity stakeholders dialogues. Aug 27 and Sept 30, 20020same as above
http://www.empath.md/results/index.htmEMPATH. Results and key performance indicators web page; ambulance diversion6same as above
http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/info/census96.cfmStatistics Canada. 1996 census1Govindarajan, Schull. Effect of socioeconomic status on out-of-hospital delays of patients with chest pain. 2003. 41:4;481-488
http://cran.r-project.orgCRAN web site; quantreg add-on package4same as above
http://www.utoronto.ca/emergmed/prehospital.htmlPre-hospital care division, Univ. of Toronto.0same as above
http://www.fda.gov/medwatch/safety/2001/safety01.htm#inapsiMedWatch 2001 Safety Information summaries: Inapsine1Kao, et al. Droperidol, QT prolongation, and sudden death (Review). 2003. 41:4;546-558
http://www.emea.eu.int/pdfs/human/ich/04-2302.pdfEuropean Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products. pharm studies for assessing the potential for delayed ventricular repolarization0same as above
http://www.fda.gov/medwatch/articles/dig/rcontent.htmGoldman, Kennedy, Lieberman. Clinical therapeutics and the recognition of drug-induced disease. FDA1same as above
http://www.fda.gov/medwatch/articles/medcont/obj.htmGoldman. The clinical impact of adverse event reporting1same as above
http://www.who.int/medicines/library/pnewslet/npn0101.htmlEssential drugs and medicines policy newsletter no. 1. WHO0same as above
http://www.cnr.colostate.edu/~anderson/thompson1.htmlColorado State Univ. 326 articles/books questioning the indiscriminate use of statistical hypothesis tests in observational studies1Cooper, et al. Reporting research results: Recommendations for improving communication (Editorial). 2003. 41:4;561-564
http://www.ama-assn.org/vapp/freida/spcstsc.0,2654,110,00.htmlNRMP Match 20010Lewin. Pregnancy, parenthood, and family leave during residency. Resident’s Perspective. 2003. 41:4;569-573
http://www.aafp.org/x6959.xmlAAFP. Parental leave during residency training1same as above
http://www.ama-assn.org/meetings/public/annual98/reports/cme/cmerpt6.htmPolicies for maternal, family and medical necessity leave for resident and employed physicians0same as above
http://www-fars.nhtsa.dot.gov/Existence of fatality analysis reporting system; web-based1McKay. Commentary: Emergency Physicians and Emerging Technologies: special crash investigations. NHTSA notes. 2003. 41:4;576-579
http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/departments/nrd-01/summaries/nass_98.htmlNational Center for stats and analysis web site; NASS1same as above
http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/departments/nrd-30/ncsa/SCI.htmlSpecial crash investigations1same as above
http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/departments/nrd-50/ciren/ciren.htmlCrash Injury Research and Engineering network1same as above
http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/departments/nrd-30/ncsa/TextVer/CDS.htmlCrashworthiness Data System1same as above
May-03
http://www.guidelines.gov/static/whatsnew.guidel.asp?view=resources.guidelinesNational Guideline Clear House0Buller-Close, et al. Heterogenous effect of an emergency department expert charting system. 2003. 41:5;644-652
http://www.ama-assn.org/Smoak. Report to the Board of trustees; clincial practice guidelines and clinical quality improvement activities.5same as above
http://www.icsi.org/knowledge/detail.asp?catID=29&itemID=149Institute fro Clinical Systems Improvement Web site. Adult low back pain1same as above
http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/trip1998/index.htmlTranslating Evidence into Practice 1998; conference summary1same as above
http://www.access.gpo.gov/su_docs/fedreg/a011130c.htmlFederal Register. Vol 66, No. 231, Part 3, pp.59879-598831Ross, et al.The use and effectiveness of an ED ovservation unit for elderly patients. 2003. 41:5;668-677.
http://www.hcfa.gov/pubforms/13_int/a3660.htm#_3663_0HCFA Intermediary Manual. Chapter VII-Bill Review 20010same as above
http://www.ifrc.org/what/responseReport from the center for research on the epidemiology of disasters5Green, et al. Disaster drills in developing countries. 2003. 41:5;689-699
http://www.ifrc.org/what/response/refugeesInternational Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies0same as above
http://www.ifrc.org/whatWorld Natural Hazards Report, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies5same as above
http://www.ifrc.org/what/responseWorld Natural Hazards Report5same as above
http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2002/10/29/world/main527298.shtmlLethal Moscow gas an opiate? CBS News Web site Oct. 20021Wax, et al. Unexpected “gas” casualties in Moscow. 2003. 41:5;700-705
http://www.nti.org/d_newswire/issues/thisweek/2002_11_1_chmw.htmlRuppe. CWC: Experts differ on whether Russian hostage rescue violated treaty.1same as above
http://www.aeronautics.ru/news/news002/news059.htmMoscow mystery “gas”. Venik’s Aviation web site1same as above
http://www.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/europe/10/28/moscow.gas/index.htmlAnger grows over gas tactics. CNN Web site. Oct. 20021same as above
http://www.rferl.org/nca/features/2002/10/28102002161259.aspRussia: more than two days later, gas still a mystery. Radio Free Europe web site.0same as above
http://www.nti.org/d_newswire/issues/newswires/2002_10_29.html#9Russia: US believes Russian gas was an opiate Oct. 20021same as above
http://www.cdi.org/russia/229-1.cfmRussia comes clean over gas, demands extradition of Chechen envoy. center for Defense Info1same as above
http://www.nti.org/d_newswire/issues/thisweek/2002_11_11_chmw.htmlRussia: officials raise hostage death toll4same as above
http://www.sunshine-project.orgLakoski, Murray, Kenny. Advantages and limitations of calmatives for use as a non-lethal technique. sunshine project4same as above
http://kross-inc.com/Corporate.aspKross Corporate accomplishments at Kross, Inc.1same as above
http://www.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/europe/10/28/gas/index.htmlDoctors try to solve gas mystery. CNN Oct. 20021same as above
http://www.aamc.org/newsroom/reporter/jan02/medschooldebt.htmSantana. Paying the price to become a doctor; the impact of medical school debt1Heins, Keehn. Financial Crisis for Medical Students and Residents. Resident’s Perspective. 2003. 41:5;733-735
http://www.aamc.org/students/medloans/dailydebt/fall01.pdfThe Daily Debt. Assoc. of Am. Medical Colleges0same as above
http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/category/7095.htmResident income and debt relief. AMA0same as above
http://acep.org/1,2696,0.htmlRecent residency training graduates receive significant dues reduction. ACEP0same as above
http://www.saem.org/newsltr/1999/dgoal&ob.htmDraft: 2000-2001 Draft committee/task force objectives. SAEM0same as above
http://www.nalp.orgClass of 2000; Full-time salaries by employer type.5same as above
http://www.allpharmacyschools.com/faqs/pharmacist_salaries.phpPharmacists’ salaries. All pharmacy schools web site.6same as above
http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F4091FFE3F540C748CDDAC0894DA404482Liptak. Medical students sue over residency system. May 7, 20025same as above
Jun-03
http://www.acep.org/1,570,0.htmlACEP; Firearm injury prevention0Wiebe. Homocide and suicide risks associated with firearms in the home. 2003. 41:6;771-782
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/major/nmfs/sampdsn.pdfCDC. Sample design of the 1993 National Mortality followback Survey.0same as above
http://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes2000 Florida Statues. Title XXIII, Chapter 395:3025(5)1Kanny, et al. Motorcycle casualties sustained during Daytona Beach bike week 2000. 2003. 41:6;792-797
http://www.ahainc.com/nams/National Agenda for motorcycle safety0same as above
http://www.sturgisrallynews.comSturgis Rally News; # participants in August 20025same as above
http://www.laconiamcweek.com/about/index.aspLaconia Motorcycle rally and race week; # participants in 20010same as above
http://webapp.cdc.gov/sasweb/ncipc/leadcaus.htmlCDC; ten leading causes of death, US 2000; all races4Peterson, Vaca. Commentary: Trauma systems: A key factor in homeland preparedness. NHTSA notes. 2003. 41:6:799-801
http://hitspot.utk.edu/emergency_room/erquestion.pdfTenn. dept. of Health/community Health Research group. ER Drug Study questionnaire0Rockett, et al. Assessing substance abuse treatment need. 2003. 41:6;802-812
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis.htmNational Health Interview survey. NCHS4same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/brfss/Behavioral Risk factor surveillance system0same as above
http://cpmcnet.columbia.edu/texts/gcps/gcps0063.htmlUS Preventive services task force. Mental disorders and substance abuse screen1same as above
http://www.samhsa.gov/oas/TXgap/chapter2.htmSubstance abuse and mental health services 2001 national household survey on drug abuse0D’Onofrio. Treatment for alcohol and other drug problems (Editorial). 2003. 41:6;814-817
http://www.samhsa.gov/oas//highlights.htmSubstance abuse and mental health services 2001 national household survey on drug abuse0same as above
http://www.ncqa.org/Communications/News/sohc2002.htmState of health care quality report0same as above
http://www.acgme.org/outcome/comp/compFull.aspACGME outcome project1same as above
http://www.possis.comAnjioJet System product information4Leary, et al. Beyond tPA: Mechanical intervention in acute stroke. 2003. 41:6;838-846
http://www.endicormed.comProduct information: X-ciser catheter system0same as above
http://www.nsga.org/public/articles/details.cfm?id=302000 participation vs. 1995. National Sporting Goods Assoc.0Chan, Yoshida. Fracture of the lateral process of the talus assoc. with snowboarding. 2003. 41:6;854-858
http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/category/2510.htmlFundamental elements of the patient-physician relationship; opinion 10.01; AMA0Geiderman. Keeping lists and naming names: habitual patient files for suspected nontherapeutic drug-seeking patients. 2003. 41:6;873-881
http://www.aaem.orgAAEM position statement on Amiodarone4Cone. Comment to Dorian, et al. Amiodarone as compared with lidocaine for shock-resistant ventricular fibrillation (letter). 2003. 41:6;899
Jul-03
http://www.samhsa.gov/oas/2k2/DAWN/clubdrugs2k1.pdfClub drugs, 2001; update. Dawn briefing. Oct 20020Sporer et al. Gamma-hydroxybutyrate serum levels and clinical syndrome after severe overdose. 2003. 42:1;3-8
http://crisp.cit.nih.govComputer retrieval of information on scientific projects; National Inst. of Health1Pollack et al. Status Report: Development of EM research since the Macy Report. 2003. 42:1;66-80
http://healthcare.partners.org/remi/remiRegistry of Emergency Medicine Investigators web site1same as above
http://www.theairwaysite.comThe difficult airway course1Levitan. Metaphorical lessons from skydiving. 2003. 42:1;81-86
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/major/ahcd/ahcd1.htm1997-2000 NHAMCS micro-data file documentation4Lewis, Lynch, Johnston. Dental complaints in ED. 2003. 42:1;93-99
http://www.census.gov/population/estimates/state/stats/US Census Bureau; 2000 stats1same as above
http://www.cbpp.org/7-12-02health.htmKu, Ross, Nathanson. StateMedicaid cutbacks and the federal role in providing fiscal relief to states1same as above
http://cms.hhs.gov/medicaid/epsdt/ep1998n.pdfHealth Care financing administration. Annual EPSDT participation report; 19980same as above
http://www.uky.edu/RGS/Patterson/Groves%20presentation.pptUniv. Kentucky. Patterson. United States Military reserve components0Lai, Lewin. Resident’s perspective: Emergency Physicians in the United States Military: A Primer. 2003 42:1;100-108
http://www.militarynetwork.com/main_ucmj/main_ucmj.htmUniform code of military justice. Military network web site9same as above
http://www.usuhs.mil/medschool/somfaq.htmlUniformed services. Univ. of the health sciences. Frequently asked questions.1same as above
http://www.armyrotc.comReserve Officer Training Corps Info page1same as above
http://www.sss.gov/Selective Services Systems; Physicians being volunteers since abolition of the draft5same as above
http://lukeballard.tripod.com/HPSP.htmlBallard. Public Health Service commissioned Corps; scholarship program1same as above
http://medicine.creighton.edu/MMSA/match.html#armyThe Military match; Creighton Univ.1same as above
http://www.military.comThe Montgomery GI Bill4same as above
http://nhsc.bhpr.hrsa.gov/applications/2003LRPBulletin.docNational Health Service Corps load repayment program, Fiscal Year 2003; applicant information bulletin0same as above
http://wwwsam.brooks.af.mil/web/af/AMP.htmAerospace Medicine Primary Course0same as above
http://www.dmrti.army.mil/C4/c4.htmCombat casualty care course web site0same as above
http://www.sldn.org/templates/index.htmlService members legal defense network web site; gays leaving the military6same as above
http://www.militarynetwork.com/main_ucmj/main_ucmj.htmUniform code of military justice, subchapter ten-punitive articles, article 125-sodomy9same as above
http://www.dfas.mil/money/milpay/pay/2003paytable.pdfComplete active duty and reserve monthly drill pay tables, Jan 1-30, 20030same as above
http://www.defenselink.mil/pubs/almanac/almanac/people/insignias/officers.htmlMilitary ranks; US Dept. of Defense1same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/sars/casedefinition.htmCDC. SARS updated interim case definition8Cameron, Rainer. CDC Update; Update on emerging infections. 2003 42:1;110-116
http://www.who.int/csr/sarscountry/2003_04_02/enWHO. Cumulative number of reported cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome1same as above
http://www.who.int/csr/sars/casedefinition/enWHO. Case definitions for surveillance of SARS1same as above
http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/NEJMoa030666v1Tsang, Ho, Ooi, a cluster of cases of SARS in Hong Kong1same as above
http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/NEJMoa030634v1Poutanen, Low, Henry. ID of SARS in Canada1same as above
http://www.who.int/csr/sars/enWHO; Transmission of SARS to health care workers; 2 case reported5same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/sars/icclosecontacts.htmCDC; interim guidance on infection control precautions for patients with suspects SARS and close contacts in households.0same as above
http://www.jcaho.org/about+us/news+letters/sentinel+event+alert/sea_26.htmJCAHO Sentinel event alert; delays in treatment5Shah et al. Continuity of antibiotic therapy in patients admitted from the ED. 2003. 42:1;123
http://online.statref.com/pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone3same as above
http://www.usfa.fema.gov/inside-usfa/fa-220.cfmUS Fire Admin.; 1990-2000 Firefighter fatality retrospective study5Barishansky, Streger. Occupational Fatalities in Emergency Medical Services. 2003. 42:1;160
Aug-03
http://www.saem.orgSAEM: Emergency center categorization5Schneider, et al. Emergency Department Crowding. 2003. 42:2; 167-172
http://www.acgme.orgProgram requirements for Residency Education in Internal Medicine8same as above
http://www.acep.org/library/pdf/edCrowdingReport.pdfResponding to ED Crowding: A Guidebook for Chapters0same as above
http://www.acep.org/library/pdf/edCrowdingReport.pdfResponding to ED Crowding: A Guidebook for Chapters0Asplin, et al: A Conceptual Model of Emergency Department Crowding. 2003. 42:2; 172-180
http://www.acep.org/library/pdf/edCrowdingReport.pdfResponding to ED Crowding: A Guidebook for Chapters0Fields. Calculus, Chaos, and other models of ED crowding. 2003. 42:2; 181-183
http://www.fda.gov/cder/ndc/index.htmThe national drug code directory1Brown et al. ED Analgesia for fracture pain. 2003. 42:2; 197-205
www.acep.org/download.cfm?resource=41ACEP; Equipment for ambulances; policy statement0Gausche-Hill et al. The role of the emergency physician in emergency medical services for children. 2003. 42:2; 206-214
http://www.aoa-net.org/AOAGeneral/AOAFactsnov02.pdfAOA Fact sheet 20025Pollard et al. Resident’s Perspective: Osteopathic physicians in Emergency medicine. 2003. 42:2; 261-265
http://www.acoep.org/gen_college.htmHistory of the Am College of Osteopathic Emergency Physicians0same as above
http://www.acoep.org/pdf/em_standards-2001.pdfBasic standards of approval of residency training programs in EM. 20010same as above
http://www.saem.orgOsteopathic residents matching to Allopathic schools; March 20025same as above
http://www.aamc.org/programs/eras/programs/stats/emerstat.htmERAS 2002 Programs Statistics0same as above
http://www.natmatch.com/aoairp/index.htmNational Matching Services Inc. toronto, Ontario. Intern registration program for Osteopathic physicians. 20028same as above
http://www.saem.org/informosteo.htmFAQ’s 2002 by Russi C, Terrell K0same as above
http://www.aobem.org/certification.htmCertification requirements by Am Osteopathic Board of EM1same as above
http://www.aoa-net.org/PostDoc/res42.htmResolution 42 of the AOA5same as above
http://www.acoep.org/membership_information.htmMembership Information for ACOEM0same as above
http://www.abem.org/candidates/index.htmCandidate Certification Info 20020same as above
http://www.acep.org/1,5136,0.htmlHorn C, Gore L. National EM Specialty presents the James D. Mills Award to Colorado physician0same as above
http://www.acep.org/1,34,0.htmlACEP Board of directors 20020same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/whatsnew/matrix2.htmRecommended framework of E code groupings for presenting injury mortality and morbidity data. June 15,20011Gregor, et al. Feasibility of using an interactive laptop program in the ED to Prevent alcohol misuse among adolescents; 2003. 42:2; 276-284
http://www.emedicinejournal.comDoaz-Alcalc JE. Toxicity, toxaphene and organochlorine2Eisinger, Almog. Pyrimidifen Intoxication. 2003. 42:2;289-291
http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest20_e.htmCamphechlore. Data sheets on pesticides1same as above
http://www.doh.gov.uk/cmo/cmo_35.htm#20Donaldson L. A Communication to all doctors from the CMO. Jan 20030Vinson D. Emergency Contraception and risk of ectopic preganancy (letter). 2003. 42:2; 306-307
http://acep.org/1,32394,0.htmlLenzer J. Solomon R. In search of a killer. does D-dimer help?0Propp. Caveat Emptor: The positive D-dimer slippery slope (letter). 2003. 42:2; 309-310
http://www.tjpc.state.tx.us/pulications/review/02/02-4-13Dawson RO. Review of recent juvenile cases. Texas Juvenile Probation Commission. 20020Chow. Deadly game among children and adolescents. 2003. 42:2;310
Sep-03
http://www.webmm.ahrq.govAgency for Healthcare Research and Quality Web M&M; publication of short case reports; no specific info4Wears. A Different approach to safety in EM. 2003. 42:3;334-336
http://www.ctlab.org/properties/pdf%20files/Gaps%20Brief%20Look%20Back%20Page.pdfCook RI. Observations on patient safety.5same as above
http://www1.faa.gov/avr/aam/fasb597/21.htmBlanchard RE. Human error: should we try to eliminate it (Part 1)0same as above
http://www1.faa.gov/avr/aam/fasb597/22.htmBlanchard RE. Human error: should we try to eliminate it (Part II)0same as above
http://www.cste.orgCouncil of state and Territorial epidemiologists. Designation of adult blood level as the initial core component of state-based occupational health and safety surveillance6Morgan, et al. Elevated blood Lead Levels Associated with Consumption of Moonshine. 2003 42:3;351-358
http://www.hazmatforhealthcare.org/download/pdf/misc_pdfs/OSHA_Interp.pdfOSHA Interpretation letter Dec. 2, 2002 Richard E. Fairfax to Kevin J. Hayden1Hick et al. Protective Equipment for health care facility decontamination personnel. 2003. 42:3;370-379
http://www.hazmatforhealthcare.org/download/pdf/misc_pdfs/OSHA_Interp.pdfInterpretation Letter April 25, 1997. John Miles to Thomas Whittaker1same as above
http://www.hazmatforhealthcare.org/download/pdf/misc_pdfs/OSHA_Interp.pdfInterpretation letter Oct. 21, 1992. Coleen O’Toole to Larry bloomfield1same as above
http://www.hazmatforhealthcare.org/download/pdf/misc_pdfs/OSHA_Interp.pdfInterpretation letter Sept. 5, 2002. Richard Fairfax to Francis Roth1same as above
http://www.hazmatforhealthcare.org/download/pdf/misc_pdfs/OSHA_Interp.pdfInterpretation letter, March 31, 1992. Dorothy Strunk to Randy Ross1same as above
www.scottsafety.com/enbc.htmScottM95 APR product data0same as above
www.scotthealthsafety.com/hsliterature/download/6253_iscba.pdfISCBA product data0same as above
www.cdc.gov/niosh/tb-ii.htmlTB-II Respirator Information. Protect yourself against TB1same as above
www.emsa.cahwnet.gov/dms2/heics3.htmSan Mateo County. Healthcare facility emergency incident command system III. Jan 986Hick, et al. Establishing and training health care facility decontamination teams. 2003. 42:3;381-390
http://www.osha.govOSHA interpretation letter. March 31, 1992. Strunk to Ross5same as above
http://www.osha.govOSHA interpretation letter April 25, 1997. Miles to Whittaker4same as above
http://www.osha.govInterpretation letter Oct. 21, 1992. O’Toole to Bloomfield4same as above
http://www.osha.govInterpretation letter Oct. 27, 1992. Clark to Levitin5same as above
http://www.osha.govInterpretation letter March 10, 1999. Fairfax to Burke5same as above
http://www.hospitalconnect.com/aha/key_issues/disaster_readiness/ReadyAssessmentB1101.htmlAHA. Hospital resources for disaster readiness. Nov 20015same as above
http://www.hazmatforhealthcare.org/download/pdf/misc_pdfs/OSHA_Interp.pdfInterpretation letter sept. 5, 2002 Fairfax to Roth1same as above
http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/mhmi.htmlManaging hazardous material incidents volume II-healthcare facility ED; a planning guide for contaminated patients1same as above
http://www.va.gov/emshg/emp/emp.htmVA Emergency Management Program Guidebook Feb 20020Koenig. Strip and shower; the duck and cover for the 21st century. 2003. 42:3;391-394
http://www.jcaho.org/accredited+organizations/hospitals/standards/ems+facts.htmJCAHO.Facts about the emerg. managements standards5same as above
http://www.va.gov/vasafety/page.cfm?pg=528Emergency Management Strategic Healthcare Group. Video on Hospital personal protective equipment and decontamination5same as above
Oct. 2003
http://webapp.cdc.gov/sasweb/ncipc/nfirates2001.htmlNon fatal Injury reports, 20014McVay, Vaca. Commentary: Pedestrial roadway fatalities: profiling the problem. NHTSA Notes. 2003. 42:4; 480-482
http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pdf/nrd-30/NCSA/Rpts/2003/809-456.pdfPedestrian Roadway Fatalities April 20031same as above
http://webapp.cdc.gov/sasweb/ncipc/mortrate10.htmlFatal Injury Reports, 20005same as above
http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/QTTable?ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&geo_id=01000US&qr_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U_DP1US Census 2000: General demographic characteristics2same as above
http://rebar.ecn.purdue.edu/JTRP_Completed_Project_Documents/SPR_2468/FinalReports/spr_2468_final/Ch3.pdfUpdating procedures to estimate and forcast vehicle miles traveled.0same as above
http://webapp.cdc.gov/sasweb/ncipc/nfirates2001.htmlNon fatal Injury reports, 20014same as above
http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/CPS/ChildSS/CPSInitiative/PDF/Corazon_handbook_text.pdfBarrera, Garza, Lobo, et al. Corazon de mi vida: Child Passenger Safety Initiative1same as above
http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/99/5/e11Quayle, Jaffe, Kupperman. Diagnostic testing for acute head injury in children1Greenes. Decisionmaking in Pediatric minor head trauma. 2003. 42:4;515-518
http://www.needlestick.mednet.ucla.eduNeedlesticks and electronic medical records0Baraff. Editorial: Clinical policy for children younger than three years presenting to the ED with fever. 2003. 42:4;546-549
http://www.cdc.gov/nip/news/shortages/#normalizingLack of vaccine shortages for pneumovax vaccine1same as above
http://www.baxter.com/utilities/news/releases/1998/03-31hemassist.htmlBaxter end US trauma study of Hemassist. Press release5Biros. Research without consent; current status 2003. 2003. 42:2;550-564
http://www.baxter.com/utilities/news/releases/1998/06-2hemassist.htmlBaxter suspends European trial for its hemoglobin therapeutic; press release5same as above
http://www.baxter.com/utilities/news/releases/1998/09-16hemassist.htmlBaxter to focus on next-generation oxygen-carrying therapeutics; press release5same as above
http://www.jcaho.org/standardsJCAHO; Informing patients and families about unanticipated outcomes5Hevia, Hobgood. Medical error during residency: To tell or not to tell. Residents Perspective. 2003. 42:4;565-570
http://www.acep.org/2,2885,0.htmlThe uninsured; access to medical care0Irvin, Fox, Pothoven. Financial impact on Emergency Physicians for Nonreimbursed care. 2003. 42:4;571-576
http://www.mha.org/nonprofitguide/statuschart.htm2002 guide to Michigan nonprofit hospitals and health care issues0same as above
http://www.hospitalconnect.com/ahapolicyforum/trendwatch/content/twmarch2001/pdfEmergency depts. an essential access point to care0same as above
http://www.michigan.gov/documents/uninsuredBrief_9972_7.PDFCharacteristics of the uninsured and select health insurance coverage in Michigan 2001 report0same as above
Nov-03
http://www.hivguidelines.org/public_html/center/clinical-guidelines/pep_guidelines/pep_guidelines.htmHIV prophylaxis Following sexual Assault: Guidelines for Adults and adolescents0Bamberger. HIV Postexposure Prophylaxis in the ED; 2003. 42:5;657-659
http://www.state.ma.us/dph/aids/guidelines/exposure_nonwork.htmCommonwealth of Massachusetts dept. of Public health; HIV prophy1same as above
http://www.brown.edu/Departments/BRUNAP/backnpep.htmBackground on Rhode Island’s Guidelines for Non-Occupational postexposure Prophylaxis1same as above
http://search.nap.edu/books/030908864X/html/index.htmlMicrobial threats to Health; Emergence, Detection, and Response, 20031CDC Commentary. 2003. 42:5;662-664.
http://www.cste.org/PS/2003pdfs/03-ID-13%20-%20FINAL.pdfDeveloping importation and exporation restriction on exotic and native wildlife. Position paper1same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/monkeypox/pdf/embargo.pdfEmbargo on certain rodents and prairie dogs. 20031same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/monkeypox/casedefinition.htmUpdated interim case definition for human case of monkeypox. 20038same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/monkeypox/treatmentguidelines.htmUpdated interim guidelines for use of smallpox vacine, VIG 20031same as above
http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/smallpox/vaccination/acip-recs-oct2002.aspCDC website; smallpox vaccine1Thorn, et al. Emergency Medicine tools to manage smallpox vaccination complications. 2003. 42:5;665-679
http://cns.miis.edu/research/cbw/possess.htmChemical and biological weapons: past and present1same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/smallpoxSection 304 of Homeland Security Act; Liability Issues5same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/od/oc/media/archives.htmCDC: Sue under Federal Tort Claims Act if dissatisfied with award compensation if harmed by smallpox vaccination program5same as above
http://www.smallpox.army.mil/event/spsafetysum.aspSafety summaries for the DOD smallpox vaccination program 20038same as above
http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/smallpoCDC website; smallpox vaccine program1same as above
http://biotech.law.lsu.edu/blaw/bt/smallpox.htmRichards, Rathbun. Smallpox vaccine injury and law guide1same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/hip/enviro/guide.htmGuideline for environmental infection control in healthcare facilities1same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/hip/ISOLAT/isopart2.htmHospital infection control practices advisory committee part 2 recommendations for isolation1same as above
http://www.smallpox.army.mil/media/pdf/spHCPBrief.pdfDepartment of health care provider’s briefing5same as above
http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/smallpox/vaccination/acipjun2003.aspACIP Statement: Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Statement on small pox preparedness and vaccination1Aragon, Fernyak. Risks and Benefits of pre-event smallpox vaccination. 2003. 42:5;681-684
http://www.iom.edu/report.asp?id=14631Review of the CDC smallpox vaccination program implementation1same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5220a5.htmUpdate: adverse events following civilian smallpox vaccination, 20031Darling, et al. Removing health care workers from clinical duties after smallpox vaccination. 2003. 42:5;685-688
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/rr/rr5207.pdfRecommendations for using smallpox vaccine in pre-event vaccination program1same as above
http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/epcsums/sinussum.htmDiagnosis and Treatment of acute bacterial rhonosinusitis. March 19991Tang. EBEM review. Antibiotic treatment for acute maxillary sinusitis. 2003. 42:5;706-708.
http://www.epocrates.comGeneral comments on drug interactions; not specific7Hall-Boyer. Book and media reviews. The top 100 drug interactions. 2003. 42:5;716-717
Dec-03
http://www.samhsa.gov/oas/dawn.htmDrug Abuse Warning Network; DAWN report0Lai, et al. MDMA-induced acute MI. 2003. 42:6;759-762
http://www.asahq.org/publicationsAndServices/standards/02.htmlStandards for basic anesthetic monitoring0Green, Krauss. Propofol in Emergency Medicine. 2003. 42:6;792-797
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/default.htmDeaths due to firearms in 1990’s5Hayes, Sege. FiGHTS; a preliminary screening tool for adolescent firearms-carrying. 2003. 42:6;798-807
http://www.aaem.org/committees/firearms.shtmlDurston W. AAEM and firearms injury prevention; AAEM website1same as above
http://www.ama-assn.org/apps/pf_online/pf_online?f_n=browse&doc=policyfiles/H-145.000.HTMFirearms safety and regulation AMA website4same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dash/yrbsNational youth risk behaior survey: ED physicians determining at risk status for firearms5same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/default.htmCDC; ten leading causes of injury; 15-19; 20035Larkin. Screening for adolescent firearms-carrying.2003. 42:6;808-810
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/default.htmFairearm death rates in teenage males in 20005same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/default.htmTen leading causes of violent-related injury US; 20035same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/cgi-bin/broker.exeTen leading causes of nonfatal violence-related injury; 20035same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dash/yrbs/Youth risk behavior surveillance system; explanation of FiGHTs score5same as above
http://www.healthypeople.gov/hpscripts/KeywordResults.aspHealthy People 20100same as above
www.nhtsa.dot.gov/nhtsa/announce/press/pressdisplay.cfm?year=2003&filename=pr32-03.htmlUSDOT Releases 2002 Highway Fatality Statistics5Garrison, Reeder. Commentary: Drug-impaired driving. NHTSA Notes. 2003. 42:6;813-814
http://www.aaafoundation.orgStutts, Feaganes, Rodgman. Distraction in Everyday Driving4same as above
http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/injury/drowsy_driving1/Drowsy.htmlExpert Panel on Driver Fatigue and Sleepiness. Drowsy driving and automobile crashes1same as above
http://www.cami.jccbi.gov/aam-400a/Abstracts/pdf_index.htmlShappell, Wiegmann. The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System0Cosby. A framework for classifying factors that contribute to error in the ED. 2003. 42:6; 815-822
http://www.patientsafety.gov/HFMEA.htmlHealthcare Failure Mode and Effects Analysis Course Materials0same as above
2005
Jan-05
http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/end_homelessness.pdfBurt. What will it take to end homelessness?1Weber, et al. Does lack of usual source of care or health insurance increase the likelihood of an ED visit? 2005. 45:1;4-12
http://www.acep.org/1,574,0.htmlBackground regarding gifts to emergency physicians from biomedical injustry. June 19930Grudzen. One resident perspective: Resident education and the pharmaceutical industry. Residents’ Perspective. 45:1;27-31
http://www.acep.org/1,575,0.htmlPolicy statement on gifts to emergency physicians from biomedical industry0same as above
http://www.saem.org/download/industry.pdfSanders, Keim, Sklar. Emergency physicians and the biomedical industry. AnnEmergMed 19931same as above
http://www.whale.to/v/bribe.htmlRoss, Scott. Influencing doctors. February 21, 20021same as above
http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/1024857406494_20266606/CTV News staff. Just say no. May 17, 20021same as above
http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F50612FC3C5C0C748EDDAF0894DC404482Harris G. Medical marketing-Treatment by incentive. New York times. June 27, 19945same as above
http://web.bma.org.uk/ap.nsf/Content/incentives+to+GPs+for+referral+or+prescribingBritish Medical Assoc. Web site. Incentives to GPs for referral or prescribing. Sept. 1995; Revised Jan. 19970same as above
http://www.acgme.org/New/GMEGuide.pdfACGME; Principles to guide the relationship between graduate medical education and industry; 20020same as above
http://www.phrma.org/publications/policy//2004-01-19.391.pdfPhRMA Code on interactions with medical professionals, 20020same as above
http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F00F14FA3E550C708CDDAF0894DC404482Harris. Spitzer sues a drug maker, saying it hid negative data5same as above
http://www.amsa.org/prof/pledge.cfmAm Med Student Assoc. PharmFree Medical student Pledge1same as above
http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d03177.pdfGovernment Accounting Office report to congressional requesters: prescription drugs. 20021Peraud, Kulstad. Another resident perspective: Resident education and the pharmaceutical industry. Residents’ Perspective. 45:1;32-36
http://www.acep.org/1,5248,0.htmlMoskop JC. Emergency Physicians and gifts from industry0same as above
http://www.accme.org/pdfs/disclosure_pol.pdfACGME; Standards for commercail support of continuing medical education. 19920same as above
http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/article/4001-7922.htmlAMA: Gifts to physicians from industry. 19980same as above
http://www.saem.org/inform/commerci.htmSAEM; Policy on commercial support of SAEM activities0same as above
http://www.acep.org/library/pdf/pharmmfrs.pdfMolzen GW. ACEP comment letter to OIG. 20020same as above
http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/cgi-bin/PrintStory.pl?document_id=2001901813&zsection_id-268448455&slug=drugtrial13&date=20040413Lavoie D. Eleven drug-company executives face trial in kickback case. Seattle Times. april 13, 2004.1same as above
http://www.nofreelunch.orgGoodman R. No free lunch; just say no to drug reps6same as above
http://www.drugpromo.info/Dept. of essential drugs and medicines policy drug promotion database8same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/doc.do?id=0900f3ec8001011cTBI to Congress; Traumatic Brain Injury in the US; A Report to Congress0Gill, et al. A comparison of the GCS score to simplified alternative scores for the prediction of TBI outcomes. 2005. 45:1;37-42
http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/combinedregtext.pdfUS Dept. of Health and Human Services. Standards for privacy of individually identifiable health info…regulation test. Dec 28, 20001Moskop, et al. From Hippocrates to HIPAA: Privacy and Confidentialtiy in EM-Part I. 2005. 45:1;53-59
http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/privacysummary.pdfUS Dept. of Health and Human Services. Summary of the HIPAA privacy rule1same as above
http://www.ama-assn.org/amednews/2004/05/03/gvsc0503.htmFinkelstein JB. One year later, mixed reviews for privacy rule5same as above
ftp://ftp.hrsa.gov/hab/compile.pdfRyan White CARE Act2same as above
http://www.ama-assn.org/apps/pf_new/pf_online?f_n=browse&doc=policyfiles?HnE/E-2.01.HTM&&s_t=&st_p=&nth=1&prev_pol=policyfiles?HnE/E-1.02.HTM&nxt_pol=policyfiles/HnE/E-2.01.HTM&AMA; Abuse of spouses, children, elderly persons, and others at risk. CEJA opinion E-2.021same as above
http://www.acep.org/3,615,0.htmlMandatory reporting of domestic violence to law enforcement and criminal justice agencies. ACEP policy. 20010same as above
http://www.acep.org/3, 33206, 0.htmlLaw enforcement info gathering in the emergency department. ACEP Policy sept. 20030Moskop, et al. From Hippocrates to HIPAA: Privacy and Confidentiality in EM-Part II. 2005. 45:1;60-67
http://www.acep.org/1,5065,0.htmlFilming in the Emerg. dept. ACEP Policy Feb. 20020same as above
http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/privacysummary.pdfSummary of the HIPAA privacy rule1same as above
http://www.ama-assn.org/apps/pf_new/pf_online?f_n=browse&doc=policyfiles/HnE/H-140.888.HTMAMA policy H-140.888; filming patients for educational purposes.5same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm4753.pdfMMWR summary of notifiable diseases. 1998 MMWR 1999;47:1-116.1Eskin. Commentary: clinical implications on should sore throats be treated with antibiotics? EBEM/Review Abstracts. 2005. 45:1;83-84
http://www.ci.nyc.ny.us/html/doh/html/public/press98/pr12-498.htmlNew York dept. of Health Press release to Physicians0same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/pdf/10200t57.pdfCDC; national centers for health statistics.1same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/professional/han081304.htmCDC Health Update: Update on avian Influenza A. August 20041Hammel, Chiang. Commentary on outbreaks of avian influenza A. CDC Update. 2005. 45:1;90-92
http://www.who.int/csr/disease/avian_influenza/country/cases_table_2004_09_28/en/print.htmlWHO. Confirmed human cases of avian influenza A.1same as above
http://www.acep.org/library/pdf/ultrasound_guidelines.pdfACEP Policy statement: emergency ultrasound guidelines0Lewin, Willaims. Ultrasonographic diagnosis of retinal detachment in the ED (letter) 2005:45:1;97-98
Feb-05
http://www.jointogether.org/sa/news/features/reader/0,1854,554030,00.htmlCurley, Arcane laws hinder ER interventions for alcohol, other drugs1Rockett, et al. Unmet substance abuse treatment need, health services utilization, and cost. 2005. 45:2;118-127
http://www.happinessonline.org/BeTemperate/p28.htmZimmerman. Why emergency rooms rarely test trauma patients for alcohol, drugs. Wall Street Journal1same as above
http://www.hwysafety.org/safety_facts/teens/blueprint.pdfInsurance Ins. for Highway Safety. Graduated licensing; a blueprint for North america, 20025Gonzales, et al. Student drivers: A study of fatal motor vehicle crashes involving 16 year old drivers. 2005; 45:2;140-146
http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pdf/nrd-30/NCSA/TSF2001/2001youngdr.pdfNHTSA. Traffic safety facts 2001; young drivers1same as above
http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/departments/nrd-30/ncsa/FARS.htmlNational Center for Statistics and Analysis; Fatal Accident reporting system1same as above
http://www.csp.state.co.us/Faq/license.pdfColorado state Patrol Affairs. An explanation of the new teenage driver license application procedures and log sheet0same as above
http://www.hwysafety.org/safety_facts/qanda/teens.htmQ and A: teenagers: General5same as above
http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/vrtc/ca/rollover.htmNHTSA. Vehicle dynamic rollover propensity1same as above
http://www.iihs.org/safety_facts/qanda/gdl.htmInsurance Institute for Highway Safety and National Highway Traffic Safety administration. Q&A; teenagers; graduated driver licensing0Hyde, et al. Graduated Driver Licensing Law in Utah. 2005; 45:2;147-154
http://www.emedicine.comFan, Viccellio. Toxic epidermal necrolysis5Images in Emergency Medicine. 2005; 45:2;156
http://www.aap.org/healthtopics/carseatsafety.cfmAAP. Car safety seats and transportation safety4Garrison. Commentary: Child occupant safety in vehicles. NHTSA Notes. 2005; 45:2;157-159
http://www.fda.gov/medwatch/index.htmlThe FDA safety information and adverse event reporting program5Budnitz, et al. Emergency Department Visits for outpatient adverse drug events. 2005. 45:2;197-206
http://www.fda.gov/oc/initiatives/ephedra/december2003/FDA announces plans to prohibit sales of dietary supplements containing ephedra1Manini, et al. Acute Myocardial Infarction after over-the-counter Use of Pseudoephedrine. 2005. 45:2;213-216
http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/NEWS/2004/NEW01050.htmlFDA announces rule pohibiting sale of dietary supplements containing ephedrine alkaloids effective April 121same as above
http://www.emedicine.comBossart. Henoch-Schonlein purpura4Images in Emergency Medicine. 2005. 45:2;230
http://www.aafp.org/afp/980800ap/kraft.htmlKraft, McKee, scott. Henoch-schonlein purpura: a review1same as above
Mar-05
http://www.census.gov2000 current population survey. March 20015Mahajan, et al. Evaluation of an ED-baded enrollment program for uninsured children. 2005. 45:3;245-250
http://www.iom.eduInstitute of Medicine. Care Without Coverage: Too Little, Too Late.6same as above
http://www.healthykids.orgFlorida Healthy Kids Corporation. Healthy kids annual report6same as above
http://www.cbpp.orgCenter on Budget and policy priorities. Current population surveys5same as above
http://www.coveringkids.org/out-reachShuptrine. The Importance of Outreach: Covering Kids.0same as above
http://www.nga.orgNational Governor’s Assoc. Center for Best Practices. States use innovative children’s health insurance hotlines to enroll uninsured children4same as above
http://www.mdch.govMichigan Dept. of Community Health. Program policy bulletin 2000-0110same as above
http://www.cms.gov/schipState Children’s Health Insurance Program. Aggregate enrollment stats for FY 20025same as above
http://www.cbpp.orgPark, Ku, Broaddus. OMB estimates indicate that 900,000 children will lose health insurance due to restrictions in federal SCHIP funding5same as above
http://www.hschange.comCenter for Studying Health Systems Change. Issue briefs5same as above
http://www.meps.ahrq.gov/papers/rf18_02-0006/rf18.pdfMonheit, Vistnes, Zuvekas. Stability and change in health insurance: new estimates from the 1996 MEPS0Gordon. The Science of Common Sense. 2005. 45:3;251-252
http://www.who.int/countryWHO. Countries. Statistics8Babkl, et al. Advanced Training in Pediatric Emergency Medicine in the US, Canada, UK, and Australia. 2005. 45:3;269-275
http://www.abms.org/statistics.aspABEM. Geographic distribution of diplomats by subspecialty certificate1same as above
http://www.acgme.org/adspublic/ACGME web site; accreditation1same as above
http://www.abp.org/Resident/trchanges.htmChanges in training requirements for subspecialty certification1same as above
http://www.rcpsc.medical.org/residency/accreditation/ssas/pedem_e.htmlSpecific standards of accreditation for residency programs in pediatric emergency medicine0same as above
http://www.faem.org.uk/site/downloads/documents/curriculum_paeds_2001.docCurriculum for higher specialist training in paediatric accident and emergency medicine 20010same as above
http://www.racp.edu.au/public/fellowRoyal Australian College of physicians. Advanced training. Vocational training Paediatric emergency medicine0same as above
http://www.acep.org/1,4773,0.htmlStrategies to alleviate overcrowded hospital emergency departments. Dec. 21, 20010Artzema, et al. Emergency Dept. crowding: The effect on resident education. Residents’ Perspective. 2005. 45:3;276-281
http://www.saem.org/meetings/03handouts/wolfe.pdfWolfe. The effects of ED over crowding on EM education. Lunch Session: SAEM annual meeting, 20031same as above
ftp://ftp.research.microsoft.com/pub/tr/tr-95-06.pdfHeckerman. A Tutorial on learning with Bayesian networks. Technical report MSR-TR-95-06.2Lipsky, Lewis. Placing the Bayesian network approach to patient diagnosis in perspective (Editorial). 2005 45:3;291-294
http://www.naecb.org/CBR/National Asthma Educator Certification Board; Asthma coding1Singer, et al. A call for expanding the role of the emergency physician in the care of patients with asthma (Editorial). 2005. 45:3;295-298
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/hip/Lab/FactSheet/vrsa.htmVancomycin intermediate resistent S. aureus laboratory detection1Frazee, et al. Methacillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in ED skin and soft tissue infections. 2005. 45:3;311-320
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/hip/ISOLAT/ISOLAT.HTMGarner JS, the Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. Guideline for isolation precautions in hospitals1Moran, Talan. Community-associated MRSA. 2005. 45:3;321-322
http://www.fda.gov/cder/guidance/2566dft.pdfFDA. Uncomplicated and complicated skin and skin structure infections … ;draft guidance1same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/spb/mnpages/dispages/lassaf.htmCDC. Lassa fever fact sheet.1Ufberg, Karras. Commentary: Imported Lassa Fever-New Jersey, 2004. CDC Update. 2005. 45:3;323-324
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/spb/mnpages/dispages/lassaf.htmCDC. Lassa fever fact sheet.1Ufberg, Karras. Commentary: Imported Lassa Fever-New Jersey, 2004. CDC Update. 2005. 45:3;324-326
Apr-05
http://www.acc.org/clinical/guidelines/unstable/unstable.pdfBraunwald, Antman, Beasley. ACC/AHA 2002 guideline update for the management of patients with unstable angina. a report of the ACG/AHA task force on practice guidelines5Pollack, et al. 2004 ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation MI. 2005. 45:4;363-376
http://www.acc.org/clinical/guidelines/stemi/index.pdfAntman, Anbe, Armstrong. ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with St-elevation MI; A report of the ACG/AHA Task Force on practice guidelines5same as above
http://www.acc.org/clinical/guidelines/echo/index.pdfCheitlin, Armstrong, Aurigemma. ACC/AHA 2003 gideline update for the clinical application of echocardiography; a report of the ACG/AHA task Force5same as above
http://www.fda.gov/cder/guidance/index.htmUSFDA. Guidance for clinical trial sponsors on the establishment and operation of clinical trial monitoring committees.4Conwit, et al. Data and Safety Monitoring in Clinical Research. 2005. 45:4;388-392
http://www.ninds.nih.gov/funding/clinical_trials/dsm.htmGuidelines and policies for monitoring clinical research1same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/whatsnew/matrix2.htmCDC. Revised framework of external cause of injury groupings for presenting injury mortality and morbidity data1Maio, et al. A randomized controlled trail of an ED based interactive computer program ot prevent alcohol misuse among injured adolescents. 2005. 45:4;420-429
http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/about/underage.htmNat. Institute on alcohol abuse and alcoholism NIAAA initiative on underage drinking0Bernstein, Bernstein. Preventing alcohol misuse among adolescents. 2005. 45:4;430-432
http://www.ed.bmc.org/sbirtThe ED physician and the problem drinker1same as above
http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/press/2004/NASD04-04.htmNational Institutes of Health. News release: Alcohol agencies announce academic ED collaboration0same as above
http://www.sleepfoundation.org/img/2002SleepInAmericaPoll.pdf2002 Sleep in America Poll0Vaca. Commentary: Get safe … get sleep! NHTSA Notes. 2005. 45:4;434-436
http://www.nhtsa.gov/people/injury/drowsy_driving1/Drowsy.htmlNational center on Sleep Disorders Research. Drowsy driving and automobile crashes; NHTSA1same as above
http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/injury/drowsy_driving1/listeningtitle.htm#titleNelson, Isaac, Graham. Development and testing of countermeasures for fatigue related highway crashes: focus group discussions with young males, shift workers, and shoft work supervisors.0same as above
http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/injury/drowsy_driving1/survey-distractive03/index.htmGallup Organization. National survey of distracted and drowsy driving attitudes and behaviors: 20021same as above
http://www.mosby.com/AnnEmergMedInstruction to authors1Schriger. Suggestions for improving the quality of clinical Research. 2005. 45:4;437-443
http://www2.us.elsevierhealth.com/scripts/om.dll/serve?web=em/infoauth.html&id=emAnnals of Emergency Medicine. Instruction to Authors5Lowenstein. Medical Record Reviews in Emergency Medicine. 2005. 45:4;452-455
http://www.ICMJE.orgInternational Committee of Medical Journal Editors. Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals; writing and editing for biomedical publication1same as above
May-05
http://www.mellon.com/hris/news/index.htmlMellon Financial Corp. National Health care trend survey0Bamezai,et al. The cost of ED visit and its relationship to ED volume. 2005. 45:5;483-490.
http://www.towersperrin.com/hrservices/global/default.htmTowers Perrin Web site. 2004. Healthcare cost survey4same as above
http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3257/is_n11_v45/ai_11595903Helmi, Tanju. Activity-based costing may reduce cost, aid planning. Nov. 19910Showstack. The cost of providing nonurgent care in EDs. 2005. 45:5;493-494
http://www.acep.org/1,393,0.htmlFact Sheets: EMTALA0same as above
http://www.meps.ahrq.gov2002 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey4Florence. Nonurgent care in the Emergency Department. 2005. 45:5;495-496.
http://www.asahq.org/publicationsAndServices/standards/o2.htmlBasic standards for preanesthesia care 1999; standards for basic anesthetic monitoring5Silvestri, et al. The effectiveness of out-of-hospital use of continuous end tidal carbon dioxide monitoring on the rate of unrecognized … 2005. 45:5;497-503
http://www.doh.state.fl.us/workforce/ems1/RulesReg/rulesreghome.html#StatuteFlorida State dept. of health. Administrative code.6same as above
http://www.acep.org/1,4923,0.htmlACEP policy statement. Verification of endotracheal tube placement0same as above
http://www.acep.org/1,4924,0.hrmlACEP policy statement. Verification of endotracheal tube placement0same as above
http://www.census.gov/population/cen2000/phc-t3/tab03.pdfUnited Census 2000. Ranking tables for metropolitan areas; population in 2000 and population change from 1990 to 20001Eckstein, et al. Cardiac Arrest Resuscitation Evaluation in LA: Care LA. 2005. 45:5;504-509
http://grants2.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-HL-4-001.htmlClinical research consortium to improve resuscitation outcomes; Natioinal Institutes of Health0same as above
Jun-05
http://www.acc.org/clinical/guidelines/unstable/unstable.pdfBraunwald, Antman, Beasley, et al. ACC/AHA 2002 guideline update for the management of patients with unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation MI.5Singer et al. Point of Care Testing reduces length of stay in ED chest pain patients. 2005. 45:6;587-591
http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic542.htmNorris RL. Snake envenomations, coral.1German, et al. Pressure immobilization bandages delay toxicity in a porcine model of eastern coral snake envenomation. 2005. 45:6;603-608
http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F40E11FE3E540C7B8DDDA00894DA404482Eckholm. Man admits poisoning food in rival’s shop, killing 38 in China5Whitlow, et al. Tetramethlenedisulfotetramine: old agent and new terror. 2005. 45:6;609-613
http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200211/26/eng20021126_107505.shtml70 Children hospitalized for poisoning in southeast China. Beijing, China. Nov. 26, 20021same as above
http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2003-09/29/content_1106140.htm61 Students felled by rat poison in central China. 9/29/031same as above
http://209.157.64.200/focus/f-news/1023299/postsYardley. Rat poison; murder weapon of choice in rural China; Free republic web site1same as above
http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2003-11/14/content_1179518.htmFood poisoning at wedding kills one, makes 24 ill. China View web site1same as above
http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2003-12/02/content_1208201.htm76 College students poisoned in Guangxi; China View web site1same as above
http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2004-04/15/content_1421657.htm74 Down by poisoned food in Shaanxi1same as above
http://www.who.int/pcs/docs/Classif_Pestic_2000-02.pdfInternational Program on chemical safety. WHO recommended classification of pesticides by hazard guidelines to classification 2000-20024same as above
http://envfor.nic.in/legis/hsm/gsr347-sh3.docMinistry of Environ. and Forests web site. Environment Protection Act of 1996. Schedule 31same as above
http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pdf/nrd-30/NCSA/TSF2003/809761.pdfNational Center for Statistics and Analysis. Traffic safety facts 2003: alcohol.1Mello, et al. ED brief motivational interventions for alcohol with motor vehicle crash patients. 2005. 45:6;620-625
http://www.acep.org/1,4688,0.htmlACEP. Practice resources: alcohol screening and brief intervention in the ED0same as above
http://www.massghsb.com/upload/pdfs/seltbeltsurveys.pdfMass. Governor’s Highway Safety Bureau; seat belt use5Fernandez, et al. An observational study of safety belt use among taxi drivers in Boston. 2005. 45:6;626-629
http://www.schallerconsult.com/taxi/taxifb.pdfSchaller Consulting. Taxicab fact book 2004.1same as above
http://www.massghsb.com/index.htmlMass. Governor’s Highway Safety Bureau; protocol for Mass. Traffic Safety Research Program5same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/major/dvs/popbridge/popbridge.htmEstimates of the July 1, 2000-July 1, 2002 postcensal series by year, age … Hispanic origin, prepared under a collaborative arrangement with the US census Bureau4Conn, et al. Non-work related finger amputations in the US 2001-2002. 2005. 45:6;630-635
http://www2a.cdc.gov/risqs/CDC. Work-related injury statistics query system1same as above
http://www-fars.nhtsa.dot.gov/main.cfmNational Center for Statistics and Analysis. Fatality Analysis Reporting System. Queried by year for fatally injured occupants1McKay. Commentary: novice teen drivers and crashes-just how worried should we be and what should we do about it? NHTSA Notes. 2005. 45:6;639-642
http://webappa.cdc.gov/sasweb/ncipc/nfirates2001.htmlCDC. Web-based injury statistics query and reporting system. Queried for 2003, motor vehicle occupants4same as above
http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/injury/graduateddriver.pdfTraffic Safety Facts0same as above
http://www.hwysafety.org/safety%5Ffacts/teens/blueprint.pdfGraduated licensing, a blueprint for America. Insurance Institute for Highway Safety0same as above
http://www-fars.nhtsa.dot.gov/main.cfmFatality Analysis Reporting System, Web-based encyclopedia. Queried 2003 data for fatally injured 16-17 year old drivers by crash time.4same as above
http://www-fars.nhtsa.dot.gov/main.cfmFatality Analysis Reporting System. Queried using age 15-20, occupant of motor vehicle in transport, body type 1-49.4same as above
http://www.hwysafety.org/safety%5Ffacts/state_laws/measure_up.htmHow state laws measure up. Insurance Inst. for Highway Safety0same as above
http://www1.va.gov/emshg/docs/Radiological_Medical_Countermeasures_Indexed-Final.pdfUS Dept. of Homeland Security. Medical treatment of radiological casualties1Koenig, et al. Medical Treatment of Radiological Casualties. 2005. 45:6;643-652
http://usinfo.state.gov/xarchives/display.html?p=washfile-english&y=2004&m=May&x=200405101616052XTkcolluB0.9337122&t=xarchives/xarchitem.htmlSanders Says US supports IAEA efforts to combat Nuclear terrorism1same as above
http://www.afrri.usuhs.milArmed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute. Biodosimetry Assessment Tool software application6same as above
http://www.fda.gov/cder/guidance/4825fnl.htmUSFDA. Guidance: potassium iodide as a thyroid blocking agent in radiation emergencies.1same as above
http://www.orau.gov/reactsOak Ridge Inst. for Science and Education. Prussian blue managed by Oak Ridge Assoc. Universities for the US Department of Energy5same as above
http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/infopage/DTPA/QandA_DTPA.htmQuestions and answers on calcium-DTPA and Zinc-DTPA1same as above
http://www.ahls.orgUniv. of Arizona Health Science Center. Advanced hazmat life support1De Lorenzo. When It’s Hot, It’s Hot. 2005. 45:6;653-654
http://www.ndlsf.orgNational Disaster Life Support Courses8same as above
http://www.state.nj.us/health/eoh/rtkweb/1423.pdfNew Jersey dept. Health and Human Services. Hazardous substance fact sheet: o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile1Horton et al. Secondary contamination of Emergency department personnel from o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile exposure, 2002. 2005. 45:6;655-658
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npg.htmlNat. Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. NIOSH pocket guide to chemical hazards1same as above
http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HS/HSEESAgency for toxic substances and disease registry. Hazardous substances Emergency events surveillance system biennial report, 1999-20001same as above
http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/prevent.htmlManaging hazardous materials incidents, volume III: medical management guidelines for acute chemical exposures.0same as above
http://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/bestpractices/html/hospital_firstreceivers.htmlBest practices for hospital-based first receivers of victims from mass casualty incidents involving the release of hazardous substances.1same as above
Jul-05
http://www.sf-36.com/news/sat-review.htmlWare, Orgren. Conner. Popular patient satisfaction surveys critically reviewed.0Wears. Patient Satisfaction and the curse of Kelvin. 2005. 46:1;11-12
http://art-bin.com/art/omodest.htmlSwift. A modest Proposal (1729)1same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/stats/hasrlink.htmCDC Update; HIV Surveillance1Lyons, et al. Emergency Dept. HIV testing and counseling. 2005. 46:1;22-28
http://www.aaem.org/positionstatements/thrombolytictherapy.shtmlAAEM position statement on thrombolytic therapy1Brown, et al. Survey of Emergency Physicians about rt-PA for acute ischemic stroke. 2005. 46:1;56-60.
http://www.saem.org/newsltr/2003/may-june/strokeptcare.pdfSAEM position on optimizing care of the stroke patient1same as above
http://www.boston.com/yourlife/health/diseases/articles/2005/02/05/few_getting_quality_stroke_care?mode=PFMarchione. Evidence shows sloppy stroke care in US0Wears, Magid. Thinking Globally, Acting Locally. 2005. 46:1;61-63
http://www.aaem.org/positionstatements/thrombolytictherapy.shtmlAAEM position statement of the AAEM on IV thrombolytic therapy in treatment of stroke1same as above
http://www.saem.org/newsltr/2003/may-june/strokeptcare.pdfSAEM position on optimizing care of the stroke patient1same as above
http://www.acep.org/webportal/PracticeResources/PolicyStatementsByCategory/PracticeManagement/UseofIntravenoustPAforAcute+Stroke.htmUse of IV tPA for the management of acute stroke in the ED0same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/major/ahcd/ahcd1.htmNHAMCS. 1992-2001: hospital visits5Pallin, et al. Epidemiology of Epistaxis in US Eds 1992-2001. 2005. 46:1;77-81
http://www.census.gov.Midyear age, sex, and race-specific population estimates; 1992-20015same as above
http://www.dhs.ca.gov/ps/ooa/reports/PDF/HIVProphylaxisFollowingSexualAssault.PDFMyles, Bamberger. Offering HIV Prophylaxis following sexual assault. Task Force, 20011Merchant. Antiretroviral postexposure prophylaxis after sexual, injection-drug, or other nonoccupational exposure to HIV in the US. CDC Update. 2005. 46:1;82-86
http://www.cs.uu.nl/wais/html/na-dir/fat-acceptance-faq/physical.htmlBig Folks Physical Resources; F&Q1Schorin. Weighing the 480-pound person. (letter). 2005. 46:1;98.
Aug-05
http://www.marchofdimes.com/aboutus/855_4474.aspMarch of Dimes. Highlights of new census data on uninsured women of childbearing age and children8Harrison. Availability of emergency contraception. 2005. 46:2;105-110
http://www.agi-usa.org/pubs/spib_EC.pdfAlan Guttmacher Institute. State Policies in Brief: Access to Emergency contraception1same as above
http://www.aclupa.org/duvall/ecinpa/ecsurvey.htmlClara Bell Duvall Reproductive Freedom Project. Study update: emergency contraception services for rape victims in Pennsylvania hospitals0same as above
http://fdaadvisorycommittee.com/FDC/AdvisoryCommittee/Stories/121603_EmergConR.htm.AdvisoryCommittee/Committees/NonprescriBarr Plan B emergency contraceptive OTC CARE program adequate, committee says. Posted Dec. 16, 20030Abbott. Emergency Contraception: What should our patients expect? 2005. 46:2;111-113
http://www.acep.org/1,614,0.htmlManagement of the patient with the complaint of sexual assault. ACEP policy Statement. Oct. 2002.0same as above
http://www.acep.org/1,1118,0.htmlCode of ethics for emergency physicians. Reaffirmed Oct. 20010same as above
http://www.census.gov.United States Census; population of Washington area 20044Rea, et al. Automated External Debrillators: To what extent does the algorithm delay CPR? 2005. 46:2;132-141
http://www.chron.com/cs/CDA/story.hts/metropolitan/1864368Hopper. Overdose points to holes in system: doctor’s death attributed to drugs stolen from operating room.0Milling. Drug and alcohol use in Emergency Medicine Residency. 2005. 46:2;148-151
http://www.acep.org/1%2C1118%2C0.htmlCode of ethics for Emergency Physicians. ACEP policy statements. June 19970same as above
http://www.who.int/world-health-day/2004/infomaterials/world_report/en/summary_en_rev.pdfWHO. world report on road traffic injury prevention1Fabbri, et al. A positive blood alcohol concentration is the main predictor of recurrent motor vehicle crashes. 2005. 46:2;161-167
http://europa.eu.int/comm/energy_transport/en/lb_en.htmlEuropean Commission. White paper: Office for Official Publications on the European Communities, L-29855same as above
http://europa.eu.int/comm/transport/road/library/rsap/memo_rsap_en.pdfDirectorate-General for Energy and transport1same as above
www.trl.co.uk/static/dtlr/pdfs/TRL579.pdfKeigan M, et al. The Incidence of Alcohol in Fatally Injured Adult Pedestrians.5same as above
http://www-fars.nhtsa.dot.gov/finalreport.cfm?title=Trends&stateid=0&year=2002&title2=AlcoholNHTSA. Fatality analysis reporting system. queried by driver of vehicle in transport, previous DUI/DWI conviction, and police reported alcohol involvement1same as above
http://www.nhtsa.dot.govFederal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards4Sochor, Rupp. Commentary: Emergency department patients and crash test dummies. NHTSA Notes. 2005. 46:2;169-171
http://www.cebm.net/levels_of_evidence.aspCentre of evidence based medicine; Levels of evidence1Fesmire, Jagoda. Are we putting the cart ahead of the Horse: Who determines the standard of care for the management of patients in the ED? 2005. 46:2;198-200.
http://www.ena.org/about/positionENA board approves statement on joint ENA/ACEP five-level triage task force; position statement4Fernandes, et al. Emergency Department Triage: Why We Need a Research Agenda. (letter) 2005. 46:2;204-5
http://www.fda.gov/cder/pharmcomp/default.htmUSFDA. The practice of pharmacy compounding1Crouch, Rusho. Intravenous administration of N-Acetylcysteine. (letter) 2005. 46:2;207
http://www.fda.gov/ora/compliance_ref/cpg/cpgdrg/cpg460-200.htmlUSFDA. The FDA compliance policy guide1same as above
http://www.fda.gov/cder/guidance/105-115.htm#SEC.%20127FDA modernization act of 1997, Section 1271Lavonas, et al. Intravenous administration of N-Acetylcysteine: oral and parenteral formulations are both acceptable (letter). 2005. 46:2;207-8.
http://www.gpoaccess.gov/uscodeFederal Food, Drug, and cosmetic act, 21 US Code5same as above
Sep-05
http://www.sccm.org/about_sccm/mission/index.aspSCCM mission and vision0Hwang, et al. Critical care medicine training and certification for Emergency physicians. 2005. 46:3;217-223
http://www.qualityforum.orgNational quality forum supports model of intensivist readily available to care for ICU patients6same as above
http://www.asahq.org/Newsletters/2003/05_03/memtsoudis.htmlMemtsoudis. Recruiting critical care fellows: mission impossible?1same as above
http://anestit.unipa.it/apice/body.htmlAPICE. Anaesthesia, pain, intensive care, and emergency medicine1same as above
http://www.intensive.orgInternational symposium on intensive care and emergency medicine1same as above
http://www.acgme.org/downloads/RRC_progReq/110pr101.pdfResidency review committee. Program requirements for residency education in emergency medicine.0same as above
http://www.acgme.org/adspublicACGME. accredited programs and sponsoring institutions1same as above
http://www.abog.org/cert/crit.htmlBasic certification of obstetricians and gynecologists: certification in critical care1same as above
http://www.abem.org/public/_Rainbow/Documents/ABEM%20Newsletter%205-26%20FINAL.pdfABEM memo: Critical care medicine0same as above
http://www.leapfroggroup.org/media/file/Leapfrog-ICU_Physician_Staffing_Fact_Sheet.pdfLeapfrog Group. Factsheet: ICU physician staffing1same as above
http://www.esicm.org/PAGE_europeandiploma?240aEuropean diploma in intensive care1same as above
http://www.abem.orgABEM gained primary ABMS specialty board status in 19896same as above
http://www.hospitalconnect.com/aha/press_room-info/content/EdoCrisisSlides.pdfThe Lewin Group. Emergency department overload: a growing crisis: the results of the AHA Survey5same as above
http://www.ccm.upmc.eduDept. of critical care medicine at Univ. Pittsburgh1same as above
http://www.leapfroggroup.org/media/file/Leapfrog-ICU_Physician_Staffing_Fact_Sheet.pdfLeapfrog Group. Factsheet: ICU physician staffing0Overton. Emergency Medicine and Critical Care Medicine: Have the Stars Finally aligned? (Editorial) 2005. 46:3;225-227
http://www.acgme.org/acWebsite/downloads/RRC_progReq/110pr105.pdfACGME. Program requirements for residency education in emergency medicine1same as above
http://www.abem.org/Rainbow/_Rainbow/Documents/Fall%202003%20Newsletter.pdfABEM memo, Fall 2003:111same as above
http://www.abem.org/public/_Rainbow/Documents/ABEM%20Newsletter%205-26%20FINAL.pdfABEM memo, Spring 2004:111same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/stari/index.htmCDC. Southern tick-associated rash illness and lyme disease1Images in Emergency Medicine. 2005. 46:3;227
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/lyme/index.htmCDC. Southern tick-associated rash illness and lyme disease1same as above
http://www.ihi.orgInstitute for healthcare improvement. About Us.4Osborn, et al. Emergency Medicine and the surviving sepsis campaign (Editorial). 2005. 46:3;228-231
http://www.ihi.org/IHI/Topics/CriticalCare/SepsisInstitute for Healthcare Improvement. Sepsis, Tools1same as above
http://www.ihi.orgInstitute for healthcare improvement. Resar R. Sepsis bundle history5same as above
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/hypertension/express.pdfSeventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, and Evaluation and treatment of high blood pressure1Wears, et al. Subgroups, Reanalyses, and other dangerous things (Editorial). 2005. 46:3;253-255
http://www.who.int/pcs/docs/Classif_Pestic_2000-02.pdfWHO Recommended classification of pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classification 2000-20015Roberts, et al. Intentional Self-poisoning with MCPA. 2005. 46:3;275-284
http://www.ewgli.org/pdf_files/guidelinesjanuary2005.pdfEuropean Surveillance Scheme for travel assoc. Legionnaires Disease. European Guidelines for control and prevention of travel assoc. Legionnaires Disease0Oliver, Gross. CDC Update; Legionnaires disease assoc. with potable water in a hotel. 2005. 46:3;288-289
http://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/fluactivity.htmCDC Flu activity: reports and surveillance methods in the U.S.1Brown. EBEM Commentary to are amantadine and rimantadine effective in healthy adults with acute influenza? 2005. 46:3;292-293
http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/gen-info/pandemics.htmInformation about influenza pandemics4same as above
http://perso.wanadoo.fr/parkour/parkourenglishLe Parkour. Le Parkour-The Art of Movement1Frumkin. Bilateral Calcaneal Fractures and “Free Running”: A Dangerously Cool Emerging “Sport” (letter). 2005. 46:3;300
http://www.flyfree-forever.comAdidas-hyperride information website1same as above
http://www.potomacinstitute.orgMcBride, Tedder. Potomac Institute report: efficacy and safety of electrical stun devices4Bozeman. Withdrawal of taser electroshock devices: Too much, too soon (letter). 2005. 46:3;300-301
http://www.taser.com/facts/stats.htmTaser International. Advanced Taser M26 field use statistics1same
Oct-05
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/asthma/asthgdln.pdfNational Asthma Educ. and Prevention Program Expert Panel Report: Guidelines for the dx and management of asthma1Corbo, et al. Concordance between capnography and arterial blood gas measurements of carbon dioxide in acute asthma. 2005. 46:4;323-327
http://www.mentalhealth.org/publications/allpubs/SMA01-3518/default.aspSummary of national strategy for suicide prevention: goals and objectives for action1Doshi, et al. National Study of US ED visits for attempted suicide and self-inflicted injury, 1997-2001. 2005. 46:4;369-375
http://www.census.gov/population/www/US population estimates by age, sex, race, and hispanic origin: 1980-996same as above
http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/injury/olddrive/modeldriverModel driver screening and evaluation program: final technical report, volume 1: project summary and model program recommendations1Silverstin. Commentary: Older Driver Safety. NHTSA Notes. 2005. 46:4;377-379
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/ad/ad358.pdfNational Hospital ambulatory medical care survey: 2003 emergency department summary: advice data from vital health stats1same as above
http://www.aamva.orgHugel. Are you fit to drive? a medical focus5same as above
http://www.aamva.org/drivers/drvProblemDriversMedicalAdvisoryBoardPractices.aspSummary of medical advisory board practices in the US0same as above
Nov-05
http://www.cms.hhs.gov/quality/hospitalHospital Quality Alliance: hospital quality measures 20044Kennedy, et al. Do ED blood cultures change practice in patients with pneumonia? 2005. 46:5;393-400
http://www.jcaho.org/pms/core+measures/information+on+final+specifications.htmJCAHO. specification manual for national implementation of hospital core measures5same as above
http://qnetexchange.org/public/hdc.do?hdcPage=hosp_quality_manualSpecifications manual for national hospital quality measures8Walls, Resnick. JCAHO and CMS community-acquired pneumonia initiative. 2005. 46:5;409-411
http://emergency-medicine.jwatch.org/cgi/content/full/2005/427/1Walls, Resnick. The CMS blood cultures for CAP program: the architects speak out. JWEM editors reply1same as above
http://qnetexchange.org/public/docs/hdc/sm4nhqm/2y_PN3b.pdfNQF endorsed voluntary consensus standards for hospital care. Specifications manual for national hospital quality measures5same as above
http://www.brit-thoracic.org.uk/c2/uploads/MACAPrevisedApr04.pdfBTS Pneumonia guidelines committee. BTS guidelines for the management of community acquired PNA in adults: 2004 update1same as above
http://emergency-medicine.jwatch.org/cgi/content/full/2005/427/1Houck, Bratzler, Bartlett, et al. CMS blood cultures for CAP program; the architects speak out.1same as above
http://www.nyam.org/events/syndromicconference/2002/posterpdf/foldy_poster.pdfFoldy, Biedrzycki, Barthell, et al. Milwaukee surveillance project: real-time syndromic surveillance using secure regioinal internet5Chapman, et al. Classification of ED chief complaints into 7 syndromes. 2005. 46:5;445-455
http://www.nyam.org/events/syndromicconference/2002/posterpdf/townes_poster.pdfTownes, Koh, Southwick, et al. Use of an electronic ED info system as a data source for respiratory syndrome surveillance5same as above
http://www.nyam.org/events/syndromicconference/2002/posterpdf/dembek_poster.pdfDembek, Myers, Carley, et al. Connecticut hospital admission syndromic surveillance4same as above
http://www.nyam.org/events/syndromicconference/2002/posterpdf/cochrane_poster.pdfCochrane, Allegra, Rothman. Real-time biosurveillance using an existing emergency department electronic medical record database4same as above
http://www.nyam.org/events/syndromicconference/2002/posterpdf/chapman.pdfChapman, Wagner, Ivanov, et al. Syndromic surveillance from free-text triage chief complaints4same as above
http://www.health.pitt.edu/rodsRODS Laboratory web site1same as above
http://legacy.uwcm.ac.uk/study/medicine/epidemiology_statistics/research/statistics/ciproportion.xlsChief complaint surveillance3same as above
http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/ptsafetyRothschild. Ultrasound guidance of central vein catheterization: making healthcare safer: a critical analysis of patient safety practices1Costantino, et al. Ultrasonography guided peripheral IV access versus traditional approaches in patients with difficult IV access. 2005. 46:5;456-461
http://www.cochrane.org/resources/handbook/hbook.htmAlderson, green, Higgins, eds. Assessment of study quality. Cochrane reviewers; handbook 4.2.31Judge. To Dive or not to dive? Use of HBO therapy to prevent neurologic sequelae in patients acutely poisoned with carbon monoxide. EBEM. 2005. 46:5;462-464
Dec-05
http://www.chcf.org/documents/hospitals/MinNurseStaffingRatios.pdfCenter for the Health Professioinals, UCSF. Minimum nurse staffing ratios in California acute care hospitals0Hobgood, et al. ED patient volume and registered nurse bedside time. 2005. 46:6;481-489
http://www.viccellio.com/fullcapacity.htmSchroffel, Schiavone. ED full capacity protocol1Cass. Once Upon a time in the ED: A cautionary tale. 2005. 46:6;541-543
http://www.viccellio.com/overcrowding.htmViccellio. Hospital overcrowding1same as above
http://www.dh.gov.uk/assetroot/04/09/17/81/0409171.pdfAlberti. Transforming emergency care in England: a report by Professor George Alberti0same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/injury.htmNational center for Health Statistics. Fastats8Betz, Li. Epidemiologic patterns of injuries treated in ambulatory care settings. 2005. 46:6;544-551
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/major/ahcd/ahcd1.htm2002 NHAMCS micro-data file documentation4same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/major/ahcd/ahcd1.htm2002 NHAMCS micro-data file documentation4same as above
http://www.census.gov/popest/datasets.htmlMonthly postcensal civilian noninstitutional population, July 20021same as above
http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/staticfiles/DOT/NHTSA/Traffic%20Injury%20Control/Articles/Associated%20Files/Breath_TestRefusals.pdfBreath test refusals in DWI enforcement; an interim report1McKay, Garrison. Commentary: Reducing drunk driving; what is the role of emergency physicians? NHTSA Notes. 2005. 46:6;552-555
http://www-fars.nhtsa.dot.gov/queryReport.cfm?stateid=0&year=2003Fatality Analysis reporting system. Queried by driver of vehicle in transport, previous DUI/dWI conviction, and police reported alcohol involvement.4same as above
http://www-fars.nhtsa.dot.gov/finalreport.cfm?title=Crashes&stateid=0&year=2003&title2=AlcoholFatal crashes and percent alcohol related, by time of day and crash type: Fatality analysis reporting system web based encyclopedia4same as above
http://www-fars.nhtsa.dot.gov/finalreport.cfm?title=Trends&stateid=0&year=2003&title2=AlcoholPersons killed, by highest blood alcohol concentration in the crashes, 1994-20034same as above
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/ad/ad358.pdfMcCaig, Burt. National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey 2003; advance data from vital and Health Statistics, CDC1same as above
http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/Practitioner/guide.pdfNational Institutes for alcohol abuse and alcoholism. Updated clinicians guide0same as above

Classification: 0: No site found; 1: Active site; 2: Temporarily unavailable; 3: Restricted site; 4: Reference found with search; 5: Reference not found with search; 6: No site search capability; 7: Publisher’s site; 8: Updated version of same information; 9: Information mismatch; 10: Temporarily unavailable but now active.

We frequently encountered a situation in which the URL would access a generic home page. The authors’ intended information would be related to the content on the home page, but the specific topic cited by the author could not be identified by scrolling through the Web site. For example, a URL that links to the New York Times Web site will be active, but the information the authors intended to cite will no longer be on the home page. Because the main purpose of the study was to evaluate the accessibility of referenced information on the Internet, we thought that classifying these URLs as active sites was inappropriate. In an attempt to locate the authors’ intended information, we used the site-specific search engine. Phrases that represented the authors’ intended information as published were then entered into the data spreadsheet. We used the copy and paste functions to transfer the text directly from the “intended information” column in the spreadsheet to the site-specific search bar on the Web site. The first 10 results produced by each search were reviewed, and the Internet references were then categorized according to the results of these individual searches. If the authors’ intended information was found, the Internet reference was classified in the “reference found with the site search” category. If the information could not be found, the Internet reference was placed in the “reference not found with the site search” category. The number of Internet references in each category was totaled and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the cii, Wilson command (Stata, version 9.1; StataCorp, College Station, TX). Because our study contained information available to the public and did not involve human subject intervention, institutional review board review or oversight was not required.

Results

We identified 15,745 references published in Annals of Emergency Medicine in 2000, 2003, and 2005. References made to the medical/scientific journals and magazines composed 85% of the total references identified during the 3 years. The Internet reference category was the third largest group of references and contributed 4% of the total references (Table 2).
Table 2

Frequency of references by category in Annals of Emergency Medicine in 2000, 2003, and 2005 (n=15,745).

Internet Reference Category200020032005%⁎
Medical/scientific journals4,6724,8433,87485
Books and book chapters†4236033869
Internet references512862494
Government documents‡3581221
Presentations and announcements§2928411
Newsletters and newspapers532971
Databases and software559<1
Pamphlets and package inserts815<1
Total references5,2765,8764,593

Total percentage will not equal 100, because of rounding.

Includes monographs and dissertations.

Includes acts, laws, and governmental policy statements (not otherwise referenced).

Includes professional meetings, press releases, stage plays, and professional society guideline statements (not otherwise referenced).

Frequency of references by category in Annals of Emergency Medicine in 2000, 2003, and 2005 (n=15,745). Total percentage will not equal 100, because of rounding. Includes monographs and dissertations. Includes acts, laws, and governmental policy statements (not otherwise referenced). Includes professional meetings, press releases, stage plays, and professional society guideline statements (not otherwise referenced). The proportion of references that were Internet references increased throughout our 3 study years. Fifty-one of 5,276 total references (1%; 95% CI 0.7% to 1.3%) in 2000, 286 of 5,876 references (4.9%; 95% CI 4.3% to 5.4%) in 2003, and 249 of 4,593 (5.4%; 95% CI 4.8% to 6.1%) in 2005 were Internet references. When comparing the categories of Internet references, we found that the number of Internet references that no longer accessed the authors’ intended information increased over time. Forty of the 51 Internet references in 2000 (78%; 95% CI 65% to 88%), 161 of the 286 Internet references in 2003 (56%; 95% CI 50% to 62%), and 111 of the 249 Internet references in 2005 (45%; 95% CI 39% to 51%) no longer allowed access to the authors’ intended information. To better describe how the Internet references are inaccessible, we compared the 8 categories of Internet references that did not readily link to the authors’ intended information. During the 3 years, 172 Internet references (55% of inaccessible Internet references; 95% CI 50% to 61%) could not locate a Web site. One hundred fifteen (37% of inaccessible Internet references; 95% CI 32% to 42%) of the inaccessible Internet references linked to a generic and related Web site, but the authors’ intended information could not be identified (Table 3). Of the 4 Internet references that gave a “temporarily unavailable” message initially (1% of total Internet references; 95% CI 0.3% to 1.7%), none of those Internet references became readily accessible during our study period and, therefore, remained in this category.
Table 3

Frequency of Internet reference by category in Annals of Emergency Medicine in 2000, 2003, and 2005.

Internet Reference Category2000 (n=51)2003 (n=286)2005 (n=249)All Years (n=586)
Information readily accessible, No. (%)
Active site11 (22)104 (36)112 (45)227 (39)
Reference found with site search021 (7)26 (10)47 (8)
Temporarily unavailable but now active0000
Information not readily accessible, No. (%)
Restricted site01 (<1)1 (<1)2 (<1)
Publisher’s site1 (2)1 (<1)02 (<1)
Reference not found with site search8 (16)51 (18)36 (14)95 (16)
No site search capability5 (10)7 (2)8 (3)20 (3)
Temporarily unavailable02 (1)2 (1)4 (1)
Updated version of same information2 (4)6 (2)6 (2)14 (2)
Information mismatch03 (1)03 (1)
No site found24 (47)90 (31)58 (23)172 (29)

Percentages may not equal 100 due to rounding.

Frequency of Internet reference by category in Annals of Emergency Medicine in 2000, 2003, and 2005. Percentages may not equal 100 due to rounding.

Limitations

We did not have a computerized method for identifying references within Annals of Emergency Medicine, so we manually reviewed each issue. It is conceivable that we overlooked or misclassified references. Some references were in languages other than English, but none of these references had the format of an Internet reference. We are not aware of a validated method for determining whether Internet references contain the authors’ intended information. Difficulty in determining whether the Internet reference linked to the authors’ intended Web site could have led us to misclassify some of the references. We provide all 586 of the Internet references on the Web version of this article (Appendix E1, available online at http://www.annemergmed.com) to allow the reader the opportunity to identify such misclassifications. Although we attempted to access the Internet references that were not active or temporarily unavailable at 2 points, it is conceivable that additional attempts to access those URLs would have changed the classification of those Internet references. We had no method for systematically identifying typographic errors within the published Internet references. Correcting typographic errors might change the classification of some Internet references. Although other journals have reported similar results,7, 8, 9, 10 the references were sampled from Annals of Emergency Medicine, and the results may not generalize to other journals.

Discussion

The Internet references published in Annals of Emergency Medicine appear to become less readily accessible over time. Five years after publication, 78% of the Internet references no longer allowed the reader to readily access the authors’ intended information as cited in the published reference section. Previous publications have reported that 4.4% of Internet references become inaccessible after 3 months, 13% after 1 year, and 59% at 3 years. Even though previous publications have different definitions of accessibility, the gradual loss of Internet information demonstrated in our study agrees with previous reports. Of the 586 Internet references identified in our study, 312 were not readily accessible. Of these inaccessible Internet references, 55% could not link to an active Web site, and 37% would link to a generic but related Web site that did not contain the authors’ intended information. During our attempts at accessing these Internet references, we often could not decide whether we were viewing the material the authors had viewed when writing the article. A central function of references is to provide support for statements put forward by an author. If a reader questions a fact, he or she can go to the supporting reference and review that information. Traditionally, if a journal article is cited in a reference section, that journal can be accessed and the reader can be confident that the article he or she is reading was the exact article that the author intended to cite. The reader may then participate in a dialogue with the author by challenging his interpretation of the data presented in the reference. If this dialogue is held in a public forum such as in a letter to the editor, the readers may benefit from a deeper insight into the topic at hand. Authors are held to a high degree of accountability for the factual statements they make and reference. If the supporting material in a reference disappears or changes over time, components of a meaningful dialogue and author accountability are damaged. Internet references composed approximately 3% of the total references appearing in recently published scientific and medical journals.6, 7 Our data demonstrate increased use of Internet references in Annals of Emergency Medicine. From 2000 to 2005, Internet references increased from 1% to more than 5% of the total references. Because of the convenience of the Internet, authors are recognizing the value of the Internet as a resource. If the use of Internet references continues to increase, the problems associated with inaccessible information will increase also. Several solutions to the problem of inaccessible Internet references have been proposed. Published reports have suggested that the author or publisher keep a digital or hard copy of the information contained within an Internet reference.8, 9, 11, 12 These solutions are not intuitively appealing because authors may become unavailable and publishers may go out of business. Now that the technology exists to digitally archive information, a better solution available to authors and publishers is the archiving of Internet references. The 2 archiving systems that are available are Internet Archive (available at http://www.archive.org) and WebCite (available at http://www.webcitation.org).9, 10, 11, 12 Both of these systems can be used free by authors, readers, journals, and publishers.9, 10 In comparing Internet Archive to WebCite, we feel that WebCite is the better system. Internet Archive is limited in that it can store only static information, thus excluding video, representation of databases, and other dynamic sources.12, 13 In addition, Internet Archive acts as a crawler, so Internet references that have password restrictions or restrictions to “crawlers” may not be accessible. WebCite, on the other hand, takes a “snapshot” of the Web site and immediately provides a “permalink” URL that the author can publish. The permalink URL will immediately take the reader to the snapshot of the Web site. The WebCite’s use of the permalink would ensure that the reader was viewing the exact Web site the author had viewed when writing the article. Last, WebCite has formed partnerships with libraries and preservation consortia that have legally agreed to support the service to ensure long-term availability to authors, readers, and publishers. There is no standardized requirement among scientific or medical journals’ instruction to authors for archiving Internet references. As of 2003, 99% of high-impact journals do not provide instructions to authors on archiving digital information. Given the increasing inaccessibility of Internet references over time, we concur with previous recommendations that the time to require archiving of Internet references has arrived.6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12
  7 in total

1.  Information science. Going, going, gone: lost Internet references.

Authors:  Robert P Dellavalle; Eric J Hester; Lauren F Heilig; Amanda L Drake; Jeff W Kuntzman; Marla Graber; Lisa M Schilling
Journal:  Science       Date:  2003-10-31       Impact factor: 47.728

2.  Addressing internet reference loss.

Authors:  Kathryn R Johnson; Eric J Hester; Lisa M Schilling; Robert P Dellavalle
Journal:  Lancet       Date:  2004-02-21       Impact factor: 79.321

3.  Accessibility and accuracy of web page references in 5 major medical journals.

Authors:  Renée Crichlow; Nicole Winbush; Stefanie Davies
Journal:  JAMA       Date:  2004-12-08       Impact factor: 56.272

4.  Digital information archiving policies in high-impact medical and scientific periodicals.

Authors:  Lisa M Schilling; Desiree P Kelly; Amanda L Drake; Lauren F Heilig; Eric J Hester; Robert P Dellavalle
Journal:  JAMA       Date:  2004-12-08       Impact factor: 56.272

Review 5.  Accessibility and longevity of Internet citations in a clinical AIDS journal.

Authors:  Emily Olfson; Jeffrey Laurence
Journal:  AIDS Patient Care STDS       Date:  2005-01       Impact factor: 5.078

6.  Going, going, still there: using the WebCite service to permanently archive cited web pages.

Authors:  Gunther Eysenbach; Mathieu Trudel
Journal:  J Med Internet Res       Date:  2005-12-30       Impact factor: 5.428

7.  Avoiding URL reference degradation in scientific publications.

Authors:  Desiree P Kelly; Eric J Hester; Kathryn R Johnson; Lauren F Heilig; Amanda L Drake; Lisa M Schilling; Robert P Dellavalle
Journal:  PLoS Biol       Date:  2004-04-13       Impact factor: 8.029
  7 in total
  4 in total

1.  Disappearing act: decay of uniform resource locators in health care management journals.

Authors:  Cassie Wagner; Meseret D Gebremichael; Mary K Taylor; Michael J Soltys
Journal:  J Med Libr Assoc       Date:  2009-04

2.  An update on Uniform Resource Locator (URL) decay in MEDLINE abstracts and measures for its mitigation.

Authors:  Erick Ducut; Fang Liu; Paul Fontelo
Journal:  BMC Med Inform Decis Mak       Date:  2008-06-11       Impact factor: 2.796

Review 3.  Reference Hygiene and Death on the Internet - Decay, Rot, Half-Life, Deterioration, and Corruption.

Authors:  Douglas E Ott
Journal:  JSLS       Date:  2022 Jan-Mar       Impact factor: 1.789

4.  A cross disciplinary study of link decay and the effectiveness of mitigation techniques.

Authors:  Jason Hennessey; Steven Ge
Journal:  BMC Bioinformatics       Date:  2013-10-09       Impact factor: 3.169
  4 in total

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