Identification of the major protein components in breast secretions from women with benign and malignant breast diseases.

The protein composition of breast secretions from 99 premenopausal women with benign or malignant breast diseases and from 70 control women without breast pathologies has been studied by using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These fluids have been classified into two types according to their major polypeptide components. Type I fluids are defined by three major distinctive bands at Mr 44,000, 24,000, and 17,000, while those designated Type II present distinctive bands at Mr 80,000, 15,000, and 14,000. Amino acid sequencing and immunoblotting analysis demonstrated that proteins in Type I secretions correspond to Zn-alpha 2-glycoprotein, apolipoprotein D, and gross cystic disease fluid protein-15, while those from Type II fluids have been identified as lactoferrin, lysozyme, and alpha-lactalbumin. Most women (93%) without breast pathology and most patients (88%) with benign diseases had secretions with a Type I polypeptide pattern. By contrast, a large percentage (57%) of secretions from women with breast carcinoma presented a Type II protein pattern. Further studies with a large number of women will be useful for corroborating the potential clinical interest of breast fluid protein analysis.