Rurality, remoteness and the change process: evidence from a study of maternity services in the north of Scotland.

There is a wealth of material on 'how to do' change plus empirical work revealing change process complexity. In health care, the relevance of context is highlighted, but studies of rural health-care change have focused on community impacts. There is little to inform health-care managers of how remoteness and rurality impact upon change processes. This study considered Scottish maternity units and aimed to identify issues in the change process associated with rurality and remoteness. Six units were purposively selected and 131 interviews were conducted with managers, staff and community members over 15 months. Analysis induced themes pertinent to remoteness and rurality. These included: perceived 'distance' between senior managers imposing change and the wider community of staff and residents; perceptions of community vulnerability; and tensions arising from working in small teams and living in small communities. The study provides useful insights for rural managers at a time of considerable service reconfiguration.