BACKGROUND: One of the principal objectives of tuberculosis (TB) control is to minimise the emergence of drug resistance. The first national survey was conducted in Rwanda to determine the prevalence of M. tuberculosis drug resistance. METHODS: Sputum samples were collected from all new and retreatment cases in the health districts from November 2004 to February 2005. Drug susceptibility testing of isolates against first-line drugs was performed by the proportion method. RESULTS: Of 616 strains from new cases, 6.2% were resistant to isoniazid, 3.9% to rifampicin and 3.9% were multidrug-resistant TB. Among 85 strains from previously treated cases, the prevalence of resistance was respectively 10.6%, 10.6% and 9.4% (MDR-TB strains). Eight MDR cases showed additional resistance to ethambutol and streptomycin. CONCLUSION: The level of MDR-TB among TB patients in Rwanda is high. The main reasons of this emergence of MDR-TB can be attributed to the disorganisation of the health system, migration of the population during the 1994 civil war and poor success rates, with a high number of patients transferred out and lost to follow-up. On the other hand, the use of treatment regimens administered twice weekly during the continuation phase could be another important factor and merit further investigations.
BACKGROUND: One of the principal objectives of tuberculosis (TB) control is to minimise the emergence of drug resistance. The first national survey was conducted in Rwanda to determine the prevalence of M. tuberculosis drug resistance. METHODS: Sputum samples were collected from all new and retreatment cases in the health districts from November 2004 to February 2005. Drug susceptibility testing of isolates against first-line drugs was performed by the proportion method. RESULTS: Of 616 strains from new cases, 6.2% were resistant to isoniazid, 3.9% to rifampicin and 3.9% were multidrug-resistant TB. Among 85 strains from previously treated cases, the prevalence of resistance was respectively 10.6%, 10.6% and 9.4% (MDR-TB strains). Eight MDR cases showed additional resistance to ethambutol and streptomycin. CONCLUSION: The level of MDR-TB among TB patients in Rwanda is high. The main reasons of this emergence of MDR-TB can be attributed to the disorganisation of the health system, migration of the population during the 1994 civil war and poor success rates, with a high number of patients transferred out and lost to follow-up. On the other hand, the use of treatment regimens administered twice weekly during the continuation phase could be another important factor and merit further investigations.
Authors: Jean Claude S Ngabonziza; Leen Rigouts; Gabriela Torrea; Tom Decroo; Eliane Kamanzi; Pauline Lempens; Aniceth Rucogoza; Yves M Habimana; Lies Laenen; Belamo E Niyigena; Cécile Uwizeye; Bertin Ushizimpumu; Wim Mulders; Emil Ivan; Oren Tzfadia; Claude Mambo Muvunyi; Patrick Migambi; Emmanuel Andre; Jean Baptiste Mazarati; Dissou Affolabi; Alaine N Umubyeyi; Sabin Nsanzimana; Françoise Portaels; Michel Gasana; Bouke C de Jong; Conor J Meehan Journal: J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis Date: 2022-01-24
Authors: Benson R Kidenya; Lauren E Webster; Sehan Behan; Rodrick Kabangila; Robert N Peck; Stephen E Mshana; Oksana Ocheretina; Daniel W Fitzgerald Journal: Tuberculosis (Edinb) Date: 2013-09-07 Impact factor: 3.131
Authors: Agnes Binagwaho; Paul E Farmer; Sabin Nsanzimana; Corine Karema; Michel Gasana; Jean de Dieu Ngirabega; Fidele Ngabo; Claire M Wagner; Cameron T Nutt; Thierry Nyatanyi; Maurice Gatera; Yvonne Kayiteshonga; Cathy Mugeni; Placidie Mugwaneza; Joseph Shema; Parfait Uwaliraye; Erick Gaju; Marie Aimee Muhimpundu; Theophile Dushime; Florent Senyana; Jean Baptiste Mazarati; Celsa Muzayire Gaju; Lisine Tuyisenge; Vincent Mutabazi; Patrick Kyamanywa; Vincent Rusanganwa; Jean Pierre Nyemazi; Agathe Umutoni; Ida Kankindi; Christian Ntizimira; Hinda Ruton; Nathan Mugume; Denis Nkunda; Espérance Ndenga; Joel M Mubiligi; Jean Baptiste Kakoma; Etienne Karita; Claude Sekabaraga; Emmanuel Rusingiza; Michael L Rich; Joia S Mukherjee; Joseph Rhatigan; Corrado Cancedda; Didi Bertrand-Farmer; Gene Bukhman; Sara N Stulac; Neo M Tapela; Cassia van der Hoof Holstein; Lawrence N Shulman; Antoinette Habinshuti; Matthew H Bonds; Michael S Wilkes; Chunling Lu; Mary C Smith-Fawzi; JaBaris D Swain; Michael P Murphy; Alan Ricks; Vanessa B Kerry; Barbara P Bush; Richard W Siegler; Cori S Stern; Anne Sliney; Tej Nuthulaganti; Injonge Karangwa; Elisabetta Pegurri; Ophelia Dahl; Peter C Drobac Journal: Lancet Date: 2014-04-04 Impact factor: 79.321
Authors: Beth Temple; Irene Ayakaka; Sam Ogwang; Helen Nabanjja; Susan Kayes; Susan Nakubulwa; William Worodria; Jonathan Levin; Moses Joloba; Alphonse Okwera; Kathleen D Eisenach; Ruth McNerney; Alison M Elliott; Peter G Smith; Roy D Mugerwa; Jerrold J Ellner; Edward C Jones-López Journal: Clin Infect Dis Date: 2008-11-01 Impact factor: 9.079