A Kinney1, J Kline, A Kelly, M L Reuss, B Levin. 1. Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA. amk13@columbia.edu
Abstract
BACKGROUND: We sought to determine whether smoking, alcohol and caffeine are related to four indicators of ovarian age: antral follicle count (AFC), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), inhibin B and estradiol. METHODS: Analyses drew on ultrasound scans and sera from 188 women, aged 22-49. We used least squares regression to estimate differences in AFC and hormone levels for women who smoke cigarettes or who drink alcohol or caffeine. RESULTS: Current smoking is related to elevated FSH (beta for ln(FSH) = 0.21, 95% CI 0.04, 0.39), but not to AFC, inhibin B or estradiol. Neither alcohol nor caffeine is related to any ovarian age indicator. Exploratory analyses suggest that the association of current smoking with FSH varies with age: comparing current with never smokers, at ages 30, 35, 40 and 45, estimated differences in mean FSH are 0.3, 1.3, 3.2 and 6.9 mIU/ml. CONCLUSIONS: The association of current smoking with FSH may reflect accelerated oocyte atresia, impaired follicle quality or dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. Identification of the causal mechanism has implications for prevention or treatment of conception delay, infertility and morbidity associated with early menopause.
BACKGROUND: We sought to determine whether smoking, alcohol and caffeine are related to four indicators of ovarian age: antral follicle count (AFC), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), inhibin B and estradiol. METHODS: Analyses drew on ultrasound scans and sera from 188 women, aged 22-49. We used least squares regression to estimate differences in AFC and hormone levels for women who smoke cigarettes or who drink alcohol or caffeine. RESULTS: Current smoking is related to elevated FSH (beta for ln(FSH) = 0.21, 95% CI 0.04, 0.39), but not to AFC, inhibin B or estradiol. Neither alcohol nor caffeine is related to any ovarian age indicator. Exploratory analyses suggest that the association of current smoking with FSH varies with age: comparing current with never smokers, at ages 30, 35, 40 and 45, estimated differences in mean FSH are 0.3, 1.3, 3.2 and 6.9 mIU/ml. CONCLUSIONS: The association of current smoking with FSH may reflect accelerated oocyte atresia, impaired follicle quality or dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. Identification of the causal mechanism has implications for prevention or treatment of conception delay, infertility and morbidity associated with early menopause.
Authors: Elizabeth E Hatch; Lauren A Wise; Ellen M Mikkelsen; Tina Christensen; Anders H Riis; Henrik Toft Sørensen; Kenneth J Rothman Journal: Epidemiology Date: 2012-05 Impact factor: 4.822
Authors: Brian W Whitcomb; Sara D Bodach; Sunni L Mumford; Neil J Perkins; Maurizio Trevisan; Jean Wactawski-Wende; Aiyi Liu; Enrique F Schisterman Journal: Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol Date: 2010-09 Impact factor: 3.980
Authors: Huiyong Zheng; Siobán D Harlow; Howard M Kravitz; Joyce Bromberger; Daniel J Buysse; Karen A Matthews; Ellen B Gold; Jane F Owens; Martica Hall Journal: Menopause Date: 2015-01 Impact factor: 2.953
Authors: Karen C Schliep; Shvetha M Zarek; Enrique F Schisterman; Jean Wactawski-Wende; Maurizio Trevisan; Lindsey A Sjaarda; Neil J Perkins; Sunni L Mumford Journal: Am J Clin Nutr Date: 2015-08-19 Impact factor: 7.045
Authors: Hind A Beydoun; Laurel Stadtmauer; May A Beydoun; Helena Russell; Yueqin Zhao; Sergio Oehninger Journal: Reprod Biomed Online Date: 2009-06 Impact factor: 3.828