Cloning and characterization of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua).

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) are two neuropeptides involved in the regulation of feeding in both mammals and fish. NPY stimulates feeding whereas CART inhibits feeding. In this study, we have cloned the full-length cDNA and complete genomic DNA sequences for NPY and CART in Atlantic cod. Atlantic cod preproNPY share a 45-85% identity with preproNPY from other fish whereas preproCART shows a 70% identity to CART peptides from zebrafish and goldfish. RT-PCR revealed that NPY mRNA is expressed in brain, in particular the forebrain, and in peripheral tissues, including intestine and kidney. CART mRNA is expressed throughout the brain and in ovaries. In order to assess the role of these peptides in the regulation of feeding, we examined changes in mRNA expression in the forebrain before, during and after a meal. NPY and CART mRNA both undergo peri-prandial changes in expression, with NPY levels being elevated around meal time and CART showing a decline 2 h after a meal. Food deprivation for 7 days induced a decrease in CART mRNA expression in the brain but did not affect NPY mRNA expression. Overall, our results suggest that NPY and CART are conserved peptides that might be involved in the regulation of feeding and other physiological functions in Atlantic cod.