OBJECTIVE: To examine perinatal and childhood risk factors for the presence of rheumatoid factor in healthy children. METHODS: The Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY) is a longitudinal study of children at increased risk of type 1 diabetes, based on possession of human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DR4 and DR3 alleles or a family history of diabetes. 651 children who participated in DAISY, with an average age of 6.4 (range 1-15) years, were tested for the presence of rheumatoid factor in their most recent serum sample. 23 children were positive for rheumatoid factor. Exposure data were collected prospectively by interview. HLA-DR4 alleles were identified using polymerase chain reaction-based Class II genotyping. RESULTS: While exploring risk factors for rheumatoid factor positivity in a multivariate model, several important interaction terms involving HLA-DR4 status suggested the need to evaluate risk factors in HLA-DR4-positive and HLA-DR4-negative children separately. In HLA-DR4-negative children, rheumatoid factor-positive infants were less likely to have been breast fed for >3 months (odds ratio (OR) 0.18; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.04 to 0.99), more likely to have been exposed to non-parental tobacco smoke (OR 5.38; 95% CI 0.93 to 31.27) and more likely to be a race/ethnicity other than non-Hispanic white (OR 6.94; 95% CI 1.10 to 43.88) compared with rheumatoid factor-negative children, after adjusting for age, sex and maternal education. In HLA-DR4-positive children, there were no significantly associated risk factors for rheumatoid factor positivity. CONCLUSIONS: Risk factors for rheumatoid factor positivity in children vary by HLA-DR4 genotype. In HLA-DR4-negative children, breast feeding may decrease the risk, and environmental tobacco smoke may increase the risk, of autoimmunity.
OBJECTIVE: To examine perinatal and childhood risk factors for the presence of rheumatoid factor in healthy children. METHODS: The Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY) is a longitudinal study of children at increased risk of type 1 diabetes, based on possession of human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DR4 and DR3 alleles or a family history of diabetes. 651 children who participated in DAISY, with an average age of 6.4 (range 1-15) years, were tested for the presence of rheumatoid factor in their most recent serum sample. 23 children were positive for rheumatoid factor. Exposure data were collected prospectively by interview. HLA-DR4 alleles were identified using polymerase chain reaction-based Class II genotyping. RESULTS: While exploring risk factors for rheumatoid factor positivity in a multivariate model, several important interaction terms involving HLA-DR4 status suggested the need to evaluate risk factors in HLA-DR4-positive and HLA-DR4-negative children separately. In HLA-DR4-negative children, rheumatoid factor-positive infants were less likely to have been breast fed for >3 months (odds ratio (OR) 0.18; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.04 to 0.99), more likely to have been exposed to non-parental tobacco smoke (OR 5.38; 95% CI 0.93 to 31.27) and more likely to be a race/ethnicity other than non-Hispanic white (OR 6.94; 95% CI 1.10 to 43.88) compared with rheumatoid factor-negative children, after adjusting for age, sex and maternal education. In HLA-DR4-positive children, there were no significantly associated risk factors for rheumatoid factor positivity. CONCLUSIONS: Risk factors for rheumatoid factor positivity in children vary by HLA-DR4 genotype. In HLA-DR4-negative children, breast feeding may decrease the risk, and environmental tobacco smoke may increase the risk, of autoimmunity.
Authors: L A Criswell; K G Saag; T R Mikuls; J R Cerhan; L A Merlino; R F Lum; K A Pfeiffer; B Woehl; M F Seldin Journal: Ann Rheum Dis Date: 2006-08-03 Impact factor: 19.103
Authors: Jill M Norris; Katherine Barriga; Georgeanna Klingensmith; Michelle Hoffman; George S Eisenbarth; Henry A Erlich; Marian Rewers Journal: JAMA Date: 2003-10-01 Impact factor: 56.272
Authors: Markus M J Nielen; Dirkjan van Schaardenburg; Henk W Reesink; Rob J van de Stadt; Irene E van der Horst-Bruinsma; Margret H M T de Koning; Moud R Habibuw; Jan P Vandenbroucke; Ben A C Dijkmans Journal: Arthritis Rheum Date: 2004-02
Authors: Julia F Simard; Elizabeth W Karlson; Karen H Costenbader; Miguel A Hernán; Meir J Stampfer; Matthew H Liang; Murray A Mittleman Journal: Arthritis Rheum Date: 2008-08-15
Authors: Hamed Khalili; Ashwin N Ananthakrishnan; Leslie M Higuchi; James M Richter; Charles S Fuchs; Andrew T Chan Journal: Inflamm Bowel Dis Date: 2013-03 Impact factor: 5.325
Authors: Julia F Simard; Karen H Costenbader; Miguel A Hernán; Matthew H Liang; Murray A Mittleman; Elizabeth W Karlson Journal: J Rheumatol Date: 2009-10-15 Impact factor: 4.666
Authors: Jonathan C Scalabrini; Adam I Schiffenbauer; Payam Noroozi Farhadi; Rita Volochayev; Nastaran Bayat; Anna Jansen; Ira N Targoff; Frederick W Miller; Lisa G Rider Journal: Pediatr Rheumatol Online J Date: 2022-04-12 Impact factor: 3.054