Hepcidin in anemia and inflammation in chronic kidney disease.

Maintaining the correct iron balance is crucial for health. Our understanding of the molecular control of iron metabolism has increased dramatically over the past 5 years due to the discovery of hepcidin. This is a circulating antimicrobial peptide mainly synthesized in the liver, which has been recently proposed as a factor regulating the uptake of dietary iron and its mobilization from macrophages and hepatic stores. Inflammation causes an increase of production of hepcidin, which is a potent mediator of anemia of chronic diseases. Anemia in chronic kidney disease is mainly due to erythropoietin deficiency but these patients often have a chronic inflammatory state. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge dealing with a possible role of hepcidin in iron metabolism and its regulation, particularly in kidney disease. In addition, current methods of determination of hepcidin are reviewed. Copyright 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel.