Relationship between HLA polymorphisms and gamma interferon and interleukin-10 cytokine production in healthy individuals after rubella vaccination.

We studied the association between HLA alleles and rubella-specific gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) (Th1) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) (Th2) cytokine responses among 106 healthy children (ages, 14 to 17 years) previously immunized with two doses of rubella vaccine. Antibody titers and cytokine responses to rubella vaccination were not sex or age dependent. Several class I HLA-A (*0201, *2402, *6801) alleles were significantly associated with rubella vaccine-induced IFN-gamma secretion. Several class II HLA-DRB1 (*0101) and HLA-DQB1 (*0501) alleles were also suggestive of an association with IFN-gamma secretion. Alleles with potential associations with rubella-specific IL-10 production included HLA-A (*0201, *6801), HLA-B (*4901), and HLA-DRB1 (*1302). The class I A*0201 and A*6801 alleles were associated with both IFN-gamma and IL-10 secretion. These tentative associations need to be validated in larger studies with subjects of differing ethnicities. These results provide additional evidence that HLA genes may influence Th1- and Th2-specific cytokine response(s) following rubella immunization, which in turn can influence both cellular and humoral immune responses to rubella vaccination.