A decapeptide from durum wheat prevents celiac peripheral blood lymphocytes from activation by gliadin peptides.

Identifying antagonist peptides able to inhibit the abnormal immune response triggered by gliadin peptides in celiac disease (CD) is an alternative therapeutic strategy for CD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antagonist effect of 10mer, a decapeptide (sequence QQPQDAVQPF) from alcohol-soluble protein fraction of durum wheat, assessing its ability to prevent celiac peripheral blood lymphocytes from activation by gliadin peptides. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were obtained from DQ2-positive untreated coeliac children and from healthy controls and incubated with the peptic-tryptic digest of bread wheat gliadin (GLP) and peptide 62-75 from alpha-gliadin both alone and with 10mer simultaneously. PBMC proliferation, release of pro-inflammatory Th1 cytokines interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, release of immunoregulatory cytokine IL-10, and analysis of CD25 expression as indexes of lymphocytes activation were carried out. Enhanced lymphocytes activation was seen after exposure to GLP and p62-75, whereas the simultaneous incubation with 10mer inhibits the lymphocytes response. These data indicate that a peptide naturally occurring in durum wheat exerts in vitro an antagonist effect against gliadin toxicity and could have a protective effect in CD disease.