Metalloenzymes in DNA repair. Escherichia coli endonuclease IV and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Apn1.

Escherichia coli endonuclease IV and its Saccharomyces cerevisiae homologue Apn1, two DNA repair enzymes for free radical damages, were previously shown to be inactivated by metal-chelating agents. In the present study, atomic absorption spectrometry of endonuclease IV revealed the presence of 2.4 zinc and 0.7 manganese atoms, whereas Apn1 contained 3.3 zinc atoms and no significant manganese. EDTA-inactivated endonuclease IV retained 0.7 zinc atom but little detectable manganese. ZnCl2 reactivated 1,10-phenanthroline-treated Apn1, but was ineffective with endonuclease IV treated with either 1,10-phenanthroline or EDTA. In contrast, enzymatic activity was restored to both enzymes after EDTA treatment by incubation with CoCl2 and to a lesser extent by MnCl2. Endonuclease IV, reactivated with CoCl2 or MnCl2, regained all of the activities characteristic of the native enzyme. MnCl2 was as effective as CoCl2 at restoring activity to the 1,10-phenanthroline-treated enzymes. The results indicate that intrinsic metals play critical roles in both endonuclease IV and Apn1 and that manganese may perform a special function in endonuclease IV. Possible mechanistic roles for the metals in these DNA repair enzymes are discussed.