Conny Nordin1, Per-Olof Nylander. 1. Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Psychiatry Section, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Linköping, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden. conny.nordin@inr.liu.se
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: We have studied temperament and character in pathological gambling (PG). METHODS: Thirty-eight DSM-IV verified pathological gamblers (31 males and 7 females; mean age 35.4 +/- 10.4 years) were tested with Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Matched controls were chosen from the normal population. RESULTS: Pathological gamblers scored higher on the temperament factors novelty seeking (NS) and harm avoidance (HA). The most pronounced difference was found in the character factor self-directedness (SD). The pathological gamblers differed from controls in cooperativeness and self-transcendence. A personality disorder was found in 29% of the pathological gamblers 84% of whom scored either low on SD and high on impulsivity or had a more dishonest behaviour. Two-thirds of pathological gamblers showed immature character with or without high HA in temperament. The other third showed normal-character extravagant behaviour (86%), high impulsivity (36%) and less responsibility (50%) being the most common personality traits. CONCLUSION: HA and NS might be trait-like characteristics in PG.
OBJECTIVE: We have studied temperament and character in pathological gambling (PG). METHODS: Thirty-eight DSM-IV verified pathological gamblers (31 males and 7 females; mean age 35.4 +/- 10.4 years) were tested with Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Matched controls were chosen from the normal population. RESULTS: Pathological gamblers scored higher on the temperament factors novelty seeking (NS) and harm avoidance (HA). The most pronounced difference was found in the character factor self-directedness (SD). The pathological gamblers differed from controls in cooperativeness and self-transcendence. A personality disorder was found in 29% of the pathological gamblers 84% of whom scored either low on SD and high on impulsivity or had a more dishonest behaviour. Two-thirds of pathological gamblers showed immature character with or without high HA in temperament. The other third showed normal-character extravagant behaviour (86%), high impulsivity (36%) and less responsibility (50%) being the most common personality traits. CONCLUSION: HA and NS might be trait-like characteristics in PG.
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Authors: Brian E Roe; Michael R Tilley; Howard H Gu; David Q Beversdorf; Wolfgang Sadee; Timothy C Haab; Audrey C Papp Journal: PLoS One Date: 2009-08-20 Impact factor: 3.240