Pharmacological properties of a potent and selective nonpeptide substance P antagonist.

We describe here the pharmacological properties of RP 67580 [(3aR,7aR)-7,7-diphenyl-2-[1-imino-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl] perhydroisoindol-4-one], a nonpeptide antagonist of substance P (SP). In vitro, the compound was found to inhibit in a competitive manner (Ki = 4.16 +/- 0.59 nM) [3H]SP binding to neurokinin receptors type 1 (NK1 receptors) in rat brain membranes. Contractions induced by SP and septide (a selective NK1 agonist) in guinea pig ileum were competitively inhibited by RP 67580 (pA2 = 7.16 and 7.59, respectively). Moreover, RP 67580 displayed the profile of a specific antagonist of NK1 receptors: it was not active on NK2 and NK3 receptors as seen in binding assays and in isolated preparations of rabbit pulmonary artery and rat portal vein. In the rat, low intravenous doses of RP 67580 totally inhibited the plasma extravasation induced by SP in the urinary bladder (ED50 = 0.04 mg/kg i.v.) and by antidromic electrical stimulation of the saphenous nerve in the hind paw skin (ED50 = 0.15 mg/kg i.v.). This compound was also active in two classical analgesic tests in mice: phenylbenzoquinone-induced writhing (ED50 = 0.07 mg/kg s.c.) and the formalin test (ED50 = 3.7 mg/kg s.c.). Its potency was of the same order as that of morphine. Thus we conclude that RP 67580, a SP antagonist, belongs to a class of drugs that may be useful in the management of various clinical pathologies where pain and neurogenic inflammation are involved.