Testing the TPSS meta-generalized-gradient-approximation exchange-correlation functional in calculations of transition states and reaction barriers.

We have studied the performance of local and semilocal exchange-correlation functionals [meta-generalized-gradient-approximation (GGA)-TPSS, GGA-Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE), and local density approximation (LDA)] in the calculation of transition states, reaction energies, and barriers for several molecular and one surface reaction, using the plane-wave pseudopotential approach. For molecular reactions, these results have been compared to all-electron Gaussian calculations using the B3LYP hybrid functional, as well as to experiment and high level quantum chemistry calculations, when available. We have found that the transition state structures are accurately identified irrespective of the level of the exchange-correlation functional, with the exception of a qualitatively incorrect LDA prediction for the H-transfer reaction in the hydrogen bonded complex between a water molecule and a OH radical. Both the meta-GGA-TPSS and the GGA-PBE functionals improve significantly the calculated LDA barrier heights. The meta-GGA-TPSS further improves systematically, albeit not always sufficiently, the GGA-PBE barriers. We have also found that, on the Si(001) surface, the meta-GGA-TPSS barriers for hydrogen adsorption agree significantly better than the corresponding GGA-PBE barriers with quantum Monte Carlo cluster results and experimental estimates.