Living donor renal transplantation: recent developments and perspectives.

Renal transplantation is the optimal treatment for patients of all ages with end-stage renal disease. Life expectancy of the population in general is increasing consistently, as is the age of the dialysis population. Consequently, the average ages of kidney donors and recipients are rising. The combination of a growing number of patients with end-stage renal disease and a shortage of organs poses a significant challenge to the transplant community. Donor shortage is associated with unfavorable consequences (e.g. prolonged waiting time, and compromised graft and patient survival). As such, multidirectional efforts are required to expand the donor pool. Increasing the frequency of living donation seems to be an efficient solution. Living donation is associated with superior results for the recipient, and relatively benign long-term outcomes for donors. Reluctance to use organs from living donors whose eligibility was previously considered marginal (e.g. elderly donors) is declining. Although increased donor age is associated with reduced graft survival rates, this should not preclude use of older living donors; transplantation is definitely superior to remaining on dialysis. Thorough, standardized evaluation and careful screening for premorbid conditions in both elderly donors and elderly recipients are essential. Here, we present various options for expanding the living donor pool, with emphasis on the utilization of elderly living donors and transplantation in elderly recipients.