| Literature DB >> 17182123 |
Lan Xu1.
Abstract
TGF-beta (Transforming Growth Factor-beta) cytokines employ Smad proteins as the intracellular mediator of signaling. Upon TGF-beta stimulation, the cytoplasmic Smads become phosphorylated and consequently accumulate in the nucleus to regulate target gene expression. The cytoplasm-to-nucleus redistribution of Smads, as well as the ability of Smads to activate or repress gene transcription, is under multiple layers of regulation by factors not limited to TGF-beta. With recent advance in the knowledge of regulatory factors impinged on Smads, we are beginning to understand the complexity in cellular responses to TGF-beta.Entities:
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Year: 2006 PMID: 17182123 PMCID: PMC1805629 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbaexp.2006.11.001
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Biochim Biophys Acta ISSN: 0006-3002