OBJECTIVES: To determine the probable route of transmission of HIV to children aged 12 years or younger in a rural area of Uganda from 1999 through 2000 and to examine associations between HIV infection and health care-related variables. METHODS: The HIV infections status for 6991 children was determined from 1 round of an ongoing population surveillance system, and the reported numbers of injections in the past year and blood transfusions were determined for 5922 of these children based on a medical questionnaire. Data from the surveillance system and from an additional survey were used to assess the potential for vertical infection from a mother to her child. RESULTS: The HIV prevalence among children was 0.4%. Of 23 definite and 4 probable cases of HIV infection in children, vertical transmission was not possible for 1 case, not likely for another case, and possibly not vertical for another case. The population-attributable fraction for vertical transmission was between 90% and 94%. Large numbers of injections in the past year and ever having a blood transfusion were only associated with HIV infection in children exposed to vertical transmission. CONCLUSIONS: Up to 10% of HIV infections in children in the study area were not attributable to vertical transmission, and thus were possibly attributable to iatrogenic transmission. Associations seen between health care-related variables and HIV were likely to be attributable to treatment for AIDS-related illness in children infected vertically.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the probable route of transmission of HIV to children aged 12 years or younger in a rural area of Uganda from 1999 through 2000 and to examine associations between HIV infection and health care-related variables. METHODS: The HIV infections status for 6991 children was determined from 1 round of an ongoing population surveillance system, and the reported numbers of injections in the past year and blood transfusions were determined for 5922 of these children based on a medical questionnaire. Data from the surveillance system and from an additional survey were used to assess the potential for vertical infection from a mother to her child. RESULTS: The HIV prevalence among children was 0.4%. Of 23 definite and 4 probable cases of HIV infection in children, vertical transmission was not possible for 1 case, not likely for another case, and possibly not vertical for another case. The population-attributable fraction for vertical transmission was between 90% and 94%. Large numbers of injections in the past year and ever having a blood transfusion were only associated with HIV infection in children exposed to vertical transmission. CONCLUSIONS: Up to 10% of HIV infections in children in the study area were not attributable to vertical transmission, and thus were possibly attributable to iatrogenic transmission. Associations seen between health care-related variables and HIV were likely to be attributable to treatment for AIDS-related illness in children infected vertically.
Authors: Gershim Asiki; Georgina Murphy; Jessica Nakiyingi-Miiro; Janet Seeley; Rebecca N Nsubuga; Alex Karabarinde; Laban Waswa; Sam Biraro; Ivan Kasamba; Cristina Pomilla; Dermot Maher; Elizabeth H Young; Anatoli Kamali; Manjinder S Sandhu Journal: Int J Epidemiol Date: 2013-01-30 Impact factor: 7.196
Authors: Milly Marston; Marie Louise Newell; Amelia Crampin; Tom Lutalo; Richard Musoke; Simon Gregson; Constance Nyamukapa; Jessica Nakiyingi-Miiro; Mark Urassa; Raphael Isingo; Basia Zaba Journal: PLoS One Date: 2013-12-26 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Richard G White; S Cooper Ben; Anusha Kedhar; Kate K Orroth; Sam Biraro; Rebecca F Baggaley; Jimmy Whitworth; Eline L Korenromp; Azra Ghani; Marie-Claude Boily; Richard J Hayes Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2007-05-23 Impact factor: 11.205
Authors: Mark F Cotton; Barend J Marais; Monique I Andersson; Brian Eley; Helena Rabie; Amy L Slogrove; Angela Dramowski; Hendrik Simon Schaaf; Shaheen Mehtar Journal: J Int AIDS Soc Date: 2012-11-15 Impact factor: 5.396