Getahun Bero Bedada1, Joachim Heinrich2, Thomas Götschi3, Sara H Downs4, Bertil Forsberg5, Deborah Jarvis6, Christina Luczynska7, Argo Soon8, Jordi Sunyer9, Kjell Toren9, Nino Künzli3. 1. GSF - National Research Centre for Environment and Health, Institute of Epidemiology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany. 2. GSF - National Research Centre for Environment and Health, Institute of Epidemiology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany. Electronic address: joachim.heinrich@gsf.de. 3. University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA. 4. Department of Environmental and Health Sciences, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Basel, Switzerland. 5. Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umea University, Sweden. 6. Department of Public Health Sciences, Kings College London, UK. 7. Department of Public Health, University of Tartu, Estonia. 8. Institut Municipal d Investigacio Medica (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain. 9. Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, St. Sigfridsgatan, Göteborg, Sweden.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies have shown weak or inconsistent associations between ambient air pollutants and allergic sensitization. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether regional urban air pollution may partly explain the large variation in the prevalence of allergic sensitization across cities of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) II. METHODS: ECRHS is a cross-sectional survey initiated in 29 countries across Europe in the 1990s (ECRHS I) with a follow-up conducted 10 years later (ECRHS II). Subject characteristics were measured by questionnaires and blood tests conducted for the measurement of specific immunoglobulin E. Fine particle mass (PM(2.5), <2.5 microm) and sulphur on PM(2.5) were measured in 21 centres and annual averages of urban regional background air pollution were calculated. Results were scaled by an interquartile range increase in ambient PM(2.5) (6.03 microg/m(3)) and sulphur (1336 ng/m(3)). Generalized estimating equations were applied to compute population average effect estimates with adjustment for age, gender, smoking habit, education and number of siblings. RESULTS: A notable variation in pollution level and prevalence of allergic sensitization was observed. Moreover, exposure to urban regional background air pollution was not associated with allergic sensitization; adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence interval were 1.02 (0.95-1.09) for PM(2.5) and 1.08 (0.86-1.31) for sulphur. These statistically non-significant associations were sensitive to model specification. CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that regional air pollution measured at fixed sites is not associated with allergic sensitization among adults in ECRHS II.
BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies have shown weak or inconsistent associations between ambient air pollutants and allergic sensitization. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether regional urban air pollution may partly explain the large variation in the prevalence of allergic sensitization across cities of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) II. METHODS: ECRHS is a cross-sectional survey initiated in 29 countries across Europe in the 1990s (ECRHS I) with a follow-up conducted 10 years later (ECRHS II). Subject characteristics were measured by questionnaires and blood tests conducted for the measurement of specific immunoglobulin E. Fine particle mass (PM(2.5), <2.5 microm) and sulphur on PM(2.5) were measured in 21 centres and annual averages of urban regional background air pollution were calculated. Results were scaled by an interquartile range increase in ambient PM(2.5) (6.03 microg/m(3)) and sulphur (1336 ng/m(3)). Generalized estimating equations were applied to compute population average effect estimates with adjustment for age, gender, smoking habit, education and number of siblings. RESULTS: A notable variation in pollution level and prevalence of allergic sensitization was observed. Moreover, exposure to urban regional background air pollution was not associated with allergic sensitization; adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence interval were 1.02 (0.95-1.09) for PM(2.5) and 1.08 (0.86-1.31) for sulphur. These statistically non-significant associations were sensitive to model specification. CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that regional air pollution measured at fixed sites is not associated with allergic sensitization among adults in ECRHS II.
Authors: Charles H Weir; Karin B Yeatts; Jeremy A Sarnat; William Vizuete; Päivi M Salo; Renee Jaramillo; Richard D Cohn; Haitao Chu; Darryl C Zeldin; Stephanie J London Journal: Respir Med Date: 2013-08-28 Impact factor: 3.415
Authors: Anna Lindgren; Emilie Stroh; Ulf Nihlén; Peter Montnémery; Anna Axmon; Kristina Jakobsson Journal: Int J Health Geogr Date: 2009-05-06 Impact factor: 3.918