BACKGROUND: The basal ganglia, particularly caudate, are hypothesized to play a role in affective and obsessive-compulsive disorders. The depressive syndrome is a feature of untreated Cushing's disease. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that after treatment of Cushing's disease reduces elevated cortisol, improvement in mood and related ideations are associated with increase in caudate volume. METHODS: In this longitudinal, interventional study of 23 patients with Cushing's disease, 24-hour urinary free cortisol, structural magnetic resonance imaging and behavioral measures were obtained prior to treatment and approximately one year after pituitary microadenomectomy. Five SCL-90-R subscales measuring change in mood, related ideations and physical symptoms were utilized. RESULTS: Partial correlations (adjusted for age and time since surgery) showed change in caudate, but not hippocampal, volume was significantly associated with change in behavioral SCL-90-R subscales, indicating selectivity for structure. Right but not left caudate showed associations, suggesting selectivity for lateralization. Right caudate volume increase was significantly associated with decreases in Depression, Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive, and Paranoid scores, but not with Somatization (physical symptoms), indicating specificity for behavioral but not physical variables. LIMITATIONS: A limitation is that relatively low-resolution scans were utilized. Although most likely not diminishing the significant findings, less sensitive methodology could lead to an increased probability of a type 2 error. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the concept that caudate, and likely right caudate, participates in human brain circuitry regulating mood.
BACKGROUND: The basal ganglia, particularly caudate, are hypothesized to play a role in affective and obsessive-compulsive disorders. The depressive syndrome is a feature of untreated Cushing's disease. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that after treatment of Cushing's disease reduces elevated cortisol, improvement in mood and related ideations are associated with increase in caudate volume. METHODS: In this longitudinal, interventional study of 23 patients with Cushing's disease, 24-hour urinary free cortisol, structural magnetic resonance imaging and behavioral measures were obtained prior to treatment and approximately one year after pituitary microadenomectomy. Five SCL-90-R subscales measuring change in mood, related ideations and physical symptoms were utilized. RESULTS: Partial correlations (adjusted for age and time since surgery) showed change in caudate, but not hippocampal, volume was significantly associated with change in behavioral SCL-90-R subscales, indicating selectivity for structure. Right but not left caudate showed associations, suggesting selectivity for lateralization. Right caudate volume increase was significantly associated with decreases in Depression, Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive, and Paranoid scores, but not with Somatization (physical symptoms), indicating specificity for behavioral but not physical variables. LIMITATIONS: A limitation is that relatively low-resolution scans were utilized. Although most likely not diminishing the significant findings, less sensitive methodology could lead to an increased probability of a type 2 error. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the concept that caudate, and likely right caudate, participates in human brain circuitry regulating mood.
Authors: Marina Boccardi; Rossana Ganzola; Martina Bocchetta; Michela Pievani; Alberto Redolfi; George Bartzokis; Richard Camicioli; John G Csernansky; Mony J de Leon; Leyla deToledo-Morrell; Ronald J Killiany; Stéphane Lehéricy; Johannes Pantel; Jens C Pruessner; H Soininen; Craig Watson; Simon Duchesne; Clifford R Jack; Giovanni B Frisoni Journal: J Alzheimers Dis Date: 2011 Impact factor: 4.472
Authors: Scott A Langenecker; Sara L Weisenbach; Bruno Giordani; Emily M Briceño; Leslie M Guidotti Breting; Michael-Paul Schallmo; Hadia M Leon; Douglas C Noll; Jon-Kar Zubieta; David E Schteingart; Monica N Starkman Journal: Neuropharmacology Date: 2011-07-23 Impact factor: 5.250
Authors: Hiroyuki Watanabe; Sylvia Fitting; Muhammad Z Hussain; Olga Kononenko; Anna Iatsyshyna; Takashi Yoshitake; Jan Kehr; Kanar Alkass; Henrik Druid; Henrik Wadensten; Per E Andren; Ingrid Nylander; Douglas H Wedell; Oleg Krishtal; Kurt F Hauser; Fred Nyberg; Victor M Karpyak; Tatjana Yakovleva; Georgy Bakalkin Journal: Cereb Cortex Date: 2013-08-19 Impact factor: 5.357
Authors: Rafael Delgado y Palacios; Marleen Verhoye; Kim Henningsen; Ove Wiborg; Annemie Van der Linden Journal: PLoS One Date: 2014-04-16 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Sarah Noorani; Bhaswati Roy; Ashish K Sahib; Cristina Cabrera-Mino; Nancy J Halnon; Mary A Woo; Alan B Lewis; Nancy A Pike; Rajesh Kumar Journal: J Neurosci Res Date: 2020-06-12 Impact factor: 4.164