Withdrawal from chronic nicotine in adolescent and adult rats.

The purpose of the present experiment is to assess potential differences in nicotine withdrawal in both adolescent and adult rats. Nicotine dependence was induced via osmotic minipump in adolescent rats (releasing 22.2 mg/kg/day on Postnatal Day 28) and adults (release rate of 18.4 mg/kg/day on Postnatal Day 60); differential initial release rates were used across age to compensate for the more rapid weight gain of adolescents. On Day 7 of nicotine exposure, withdrawal was induced via the administration of a nicotinic antagonist, mecamylamine (1.0 mg/kg i.p.), and withdrawal-induced anxiogenesis assessed on the elevated plus maze. On Days 1 and 4 after pump removal, animals were examined for startle responses and prepulse inhibition in an acoustic startle chamber. Adult animals exhibited a nicotine withdrawal-induced increase in anxiety, while adolescents did not. One day following the removal of minipumps, only nicotine dependent adolescent animals exhibited a disruption in prepulse inhibition. Nicotine withdrawal failed to produce an alteration in acoustic startle response in either group. Together these data suggest that ontogenic differences in nicotine withdrawal are dependent on the withdrawal measure examined, with adolescents being less sensitive than adults to anxiety-like symptoms, while being more sensitive to withdrawal-induced cognitive disruption.