Comparative studies on the ocular and dermal irritation potential of surfactants.

Comparative studies on the irritation potential of 18 surfactants were performed using the same stock solution of surfactant for each study. The ocular irritation potential of surfactants was studied using the red blood cell test (RBC), the hen's egg test-chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) and the Skinethic ocular tissue model. The skin irritation potential was assessed based on data obtained from human studies using a 24h epicutaneous patch test (ECT) and a soap chamber test (SCT). The same pH and active substance (AS) content for all surfactants tested was used depending on the test conducted. In general, clusters of substances with varying irritation potential were identified similarly by most tests. These results show that when using standardized test conditions in which pH and % AS are the same for each surfactant tested, there is a good correlation between the in vitro ocular irritation assays themselves as well as between the dermal and ocular irritation assays. In particular the RBC test seems to be not only highly predictive for ocular irritation (H(50)/DI) but also for dermal irritation and changes in barrier function (DI) induced by surfactants.