Neurointerventional treatment of vasospasm.

OBJECTIVES: To review the historical development and current status of endovascular techniques used in the treatment of symptomatic vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
METHODS: This article summarizes the relevant literature on neurointerventional therapy for vasospasm, namely instillation of intraarterial medication (papaverine, nicardipine, verapamil) and transluminal balloon angioplasty. The authors synthesize the available literature with their own experience using the various endovascular modalities to treat vasospasm at high volume cerebrovascular centers. TECHNIQUE: Indications for the use of neurointerventional therapy as well as a summary of the technique for transluminal angioplasty to treat vasospasm as employed by the authors is described. DISCUSSION: Neurointerventional treatment of vasospasm following aneurysmal hemorrhage has been proven to be a safe and successful technique for those patients suffering symptomatic vasospasm refractory to medical management. The techniques contunue to undergo refinement as endovascular technology advances. We currently favor the use of balloon angioplasty over intraarterial antispasmotics due to the increased durability and long-lasting effects of the former and lower risk profile.