Alberto Dominguez-Rodriguez1, Pedro Abreu-Gonzalez2, Martín J Garcia-Gonzalez3, Juan Carlos Kaski4. 1. Department of Cardiology (Coronary Care Unit), University Hospital of Canarias, Ofra s/n La Cuesta E-38320, Tenerife, Spain. Electronic address: adrvdg@hotmail.com. 2. Department of Physiology, University of La Laguna, School of Medicine, Tenerife, Spain. 3. Department of Cardiology (Coronary Care Unit), University Hospital of Canarias, Ofra s/n La Cuesta E-38320, Tenerife, Spain. 4. Cardiovascular Biology Research Centre, Division of Cardiac and Vascular Sciences, St. George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to compare serum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 levels in a population of type 2 diabetic versus non-diabetic patients hospitalized with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and to examine the relationship between serum MMP-9 levels and the incidence of in-hospital cardiac events, including death and cardiogenic shock. METHODS: We recruited 120 patients with STEMI, of whom 48 were type 2 diabetic and 72 non-diabetic. Serum MMP-9 levels were measured on admission, using a commercially available ELISA. The primary study endpoint was cardiac death in-hospital and cardiogenic shock. RESULTS: Mean serum MMP-9 levels were significantly higher in type 2 diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic patients (240+/-52 ng/mL versus 185+/-47 ng/mL; P<0.0001). In multivariable analysis, type 2 diabetes was an independent factor for mortality [OR: 1.75 (1.40-2.30); P=0.005] and cardiogenic shock [OR: 1.55 (1.20-1.70); P=0.03] when the variable MMP-9 level was not introduced into the model, but it was less significantly associated with mortality [OR: 1.60 (1.40-2.10); P=0.01] and no longer associated with cardiogenic shock when MMP-9 was in the model. CONCLUSION: After STEMI, type 2 diabetes is independently associated with high serum MMP-9 levels. This elevated MMP-9 is strongly associated with the increased incidence of in-hospital mortality and cardiogenic shock observed in type 2 diabetes. Our findings clearly indicate that serum MMP-9 provides a highly valuable prognostic information on in-hospital outcome after STEMI, in particular in type 2 diabetic patients.
INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to compare serum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 levels in a population of type 2 diabetic versus non-diabeticpatients hospitalized with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and to examine the relationship between serum MMP-9 levels and the incidence of in-hospital cardiac events, including death and cardiogenic shock. METHODS: We recruited 120 patients with STEMI, of whom 48 were type 2 diabetic and 72 non-diabetic. Serum MMP-9 levels were measured on admission, using a commercially available ELISA. The primary study endpoint was cardiac death in-hospital and cardiogenic shock. RESULTS: Mean serum MMP-9 levels were significantly higher in type 2 diabeticpatients compared to non-diabeticpatients (240+/-52 ng/mL versus 185+/-47 ng/mL; P<0.0001). In multivariable analysis, type 2 diabetes was an independent factor for mortality [OR: 1.75 (1.40-2.30); P=0.005] and cardiogenic shock [OR: 1.55 (1.20-1.70); P=0.03] when the variable MMP-9 level was not introduced into the model, but it was less significantly associated with mortality [OR: 1.60 (1.40-2.10); P=0.01] and no longer associated with cardiogenic shock when MMP-9 was in the model. CONCLUSION: After STEMI, type 2 diabetes is independently associated with high serum MMP-9 levels. This elevated MMP-9 is strongly associated with the increased incidence of in-hospital mortality and cardiogenic shock observed in type 2 diabetes. Our findings clearly indicate that serum MMP-9 provides a highly valuable prognostic information on in-hospital outcome after STEMI, in particular in type 2 diabeticpatients.
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