Reduction of supported noble-metal ions using glow discharge plasma.

A novel plasma reduction method has been developed to reduce supported noble-metal ions without the use of any reducing chemicals. H2PtCl6, PdCl2, AgNO3, and HAuCl4 supported on nonporous TiO2 and porous gamma-Al2O3 and HZSM-5 were reduced using an Ar glow discharge plasma. Optical absorption spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy show that the supported metal ions are completely reduced to metallic species. Transmission electron microscopy shows that the prepared metals are amorphous clusters and homogeneously distributed with nanoscale sizes. X-ray diffraction also confirms that the plasma-reduced metals exist as small crystallites or amorphous clusters. Thermal annealing of plasma-reduced samples at elevated temperature transforms the clusters into crystals with a slight increase in particle sizes, but the sizes are still smaller than those of H2-reduced metals. O2 glow discharge plasma can also reduce noble-metal ions, accompanied by production of a small amount of oxides. Plasma reduction is very promising for the preparation of metal nanoparticles and supported metal catalysts.