Vocal cord dysfunction, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and nonallergic rhinitis.

VCD is often mistaken for asthma and can lead to treatment with corticosteroids and the development of significant side effects. Early and correct diagnosis will avert significant iatrogenic complications. For many individuals, the role of postnasal drip and GERD in the pathogenesis of VCD is central, as they are often associated with VCD and likely lead to increased laryngopharyngeal sensitivity and hyperreactivity. Much needs to be further elucidated in terms of the underlying pathogenesis of VCD. Management of VCD requires identification and treatment of underlying disorders and referral to speech therapists that can teach techniques of throat relaxation, cough suppression, and throat clearing suppression.