BACKGROUND: Canadian chronic pain prevalence estimates range from 11% to 66%, are affected by sampling and measurement bias, and largely represent urban settings. OBJECTIVES: To estimate chronic pain prevalence and factors associated with pain in southeastern Ontario, a region with a larger rural than urban residence. METHODS: A systematic sampling with a random start was used to contact households. A telephone-administered questionnaire using the Graded Chronic Pain Scale, with questions on health care and medication use, health status, depression and demographics, was administered to consenting adults (18 to 94 years of age; mean age 50.2+/-16.6 years). RESULTS: The response rate was 49% (1067 of 2167), with 76% reporting some pain over the past six months. Low pain intensity with low pain interference prevalence was 34% (grade I), high pain intensity with low pain interference was 26% (grade II), and high pain intensity with high pain interference was 17% (grades III and IV). Of those reporting pain, 49% reported chronic pain (ie, pain for a minimum of 90 days over the past six months) representing 37% of the sample. Being female, unmarried, lower income, poorer self-reported health status and rural residence were associated with increasing pain. Once depression was considered in this pain analysis, residence was no longer significant. Lower rates of health care utilization were reported by rural residents. In those reporting the highest pain grades, poor health, greater medication and health care use, depression and more pain sites were associated with higher odds for pain-related disability. CONCLUSION: There is an elevated prevalence of pain in this almost equally split rural/urban region. Further examination of health care utilization and depression is suggested in chronic pain prevalence research.
BACKGROUND: Canadian chronic pain prevalence estimates range from 11% to 66%, are affected by sampling and measurement bias, and largely represent urban settings. OBJECTIVES: To estimate chronic pain prevalence and factors associated with pain in southeastern Ontario, a region with a larger rural than urban residence. METHODS: A systematic sampling with a random start was used to contact households. A telephone-administered questionnaire using the Graded Chronic Pain Scale, with questions on health care and medication use, health status, depression and demographics, was administered to consenting adults (18 to 94 years of age; mean age 50.2+/-16.6 years). RESULTS: The response rate was 49% (1067 of 2167), with 76% reporting some pain over the past six months. Low pain intensity with low pain interference prevalence was 34% (grade I), high pain intensity with low pain interference was 26% (grade II), and high pain intensity with high pain interference was 17% (grades III and IV). Of those reporting pain, 49% reported chronic pain (ie, pain for a minimum of 90 days over the past six months) representing 37% of the sample. Being female, unmarried, lower income, poorer self-reported health status and rural residence were associated with increasing pain. Once depression was considered in this pain analysis, residence was no longer significant. Lower rates of health care utilization were reported by rural residents. In those reporting the highest pain grades, poor health, greater medication and health care use, depression and more pain sites were associated with higher odds for pain-related disability. CONCLUSION: There is an elevated prevalence of pain in this almost equally split rural/urban region. Further examination of health care utilization and depression is suggested in chronic pain prevalence research.
Authors: Elizabeth G Van Den Kerkhof; Wilma M Hopman; Tanveer E Towheed; Tassos P Anastassiades; David H Goldstein Journal: Pain Res Manag Date: 2003 Impact factor: 3.037
Authors: Elizabeth H B Lin; Wayne Katon; Michael Von Korff; Lingqi Tang; John W Williams; Kurt Kroenke; Enid Hunkeler; Linda Harpole; Mark Hegel; Patricia Arean; Marc Hoffing; Richard Della Penna; Chris Langston; Jürgen Unützer Journal: JAMA Date: 2003-11-12 Impact factor: 56.272
Authors: Elizabeth G Vandenkerkhof; Helen M Macdonald; Gareth T Jones; Chris Power; Gary J Macfarlane Journal: Pain Res Manag Date: 2011 Mar-Apr Impact factor: 3.037
Authors: Rachael E Docking; Marcus Beasley; Artur Steinerowski; Elizabeth A Jones; Jane Farmer; Gary J Macfarlane; Gareth T Jones Journal: Br J Pain Date: 2015-05
Authors: Michael McGillion; Adam Dubrowski; Robyn Stremler; Judy Watt-Watson; Fiona Campbell; Colin McCartney; Charles Victor; Jeffrey Wiseman; Linda Snell; Judy Costello; Anja Robb; Sioban Nelson; Jennifer Stinson; Judith Hunter; Thuan Dao; Sara Promislow; Nancy McNaughton; Scott White; Cindy Shobbrook; Lianne Jeffs; Kianda Mauch; Marit Leegaard; W Scott Beattie; Martin Schreiber; Ivan Silver Journal: Pain Res Manag Date: 2011 Nov-Dec Impact factor: 3.037
Authors: Katherine Beissner; Charles R Henderson; Maria Papaleontiou; Yelena Olkhovskaya; Janet Wigglesworth; M C Reid Journal: Phys Ther Date: 2009-03-06