PURPOSE: Singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)) generated in photodynamic therapy (PDT) plays a very important role in killing tumor cells. Using a new near-IR photomultiplier tube system, we monitored the real-time production of (1)O(2) during PDT and thus investigated the relationship between the (1)O(2) production and photodynamic effects. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We did PDT in 9L gliosarcoma cells in vitro and in an experimental tumor model in vivo using 5-aminolevulinic acid and nanosecond-pulsed dye laser. During this time, we monitored (1)O(2) using this system. Moreover, based on the (1)O(2) monitoring, we set the different conditions of laser exposure and investigated whether they could affect the tumor cell death. RESULTS: We could observe the temporal changes of (1)O(2) production during PDT in detail. At a low fluence rate the (1)O(2) signal gradually decreased with a low peak, whereas at a high fluence rate it decreased immediately with a high peak. Consequently, the cumulative (1)O(2) at a low fluence rate was higher, which thus induced a strong photodynamic effect. The proportion of apoptosis to necrosis might therefore be dependent on the peak and duration of the (1)O(2) signal. A low fluence rate tended to induce apoptotic change, whereas a high fluence rate tended to induce necrotic change. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggested that the monitoring of (1)O(2) enables us to predict the photodynamic effect, allowing us to select the optimal laser conditions for each patient.
PURPOSE:Singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)) generated in photodynamic therapy (PDT) plays a very important role in killing tumor cells. Using a new near-IR photomultiplier tube system, we monitored the real-time production of (1)O(2) during PDT and thus investigated the relationship between the (1)O(2) production and photodynamic effects. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We did PDT in 9L gliosarcoma cells in vitro and in an experimental tumor model in vivo using 5-aminolevulinic acid and nanosecond-pulsed dye laser. During this time, we monitored (1)O(2) using this system. Moreover, based on the (1)O(2) monitoring, we set the different conditions of laser exposure and investigated whether they could affect the tumor cell death. RESULTS: We could observe the temporal changes of (1)O(2) production during PDT in detail. At a low fluence rate the (1)O(2) signal gradually decreased with a low peak, whereas at a high fluence rate it decreased immediately with a high peak. Consequently, the cumulative (1)O(2) at a low fluence rate was higher, which thus induced a strong photodynamic effect. The proportion of apoptosis to necrosis might therefore be dependent on the peak and duration of the (1)O(2) signal. A low fluence rate tended to induce apoptotic change, whereas a high fluence rate tended to induce necrotic change. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggested that the monitoring of (1)O(2) enables us to predict the photodynamic effect, allowing us to select the optimal laser conditions for each patient.
Authors: Leticia C Fontana; Juliana G Pinto; André H C Pereira; Cristina P Soares; Leandro J Raniero; Juliana Ferreira-Strixino Journal: Lasers Med Sci Date: 2017-05-15 Impact factor: 3.161
Authors: Yi Hong Ong; Andreaa Dimofte; Michele M Kim; Jarod C Finlay; Tianqi Sheng; Sunil Singhal; Keith A Cengel; Arjun G Yodh; Theresa M Busch; Timothy C Zhu Journal: Photochem Photobiol Date: 2019-12-06 Impact factor: 3.421
Authors: Hans-Joachim Laubach; Sung K Chang; Seonkyung Lee; Imran Rizvi; David Zurakowski; Steven J Davis; Charles R Taylor; Tayyaba Hasan Journal: J Biomed Opt Date: 2008 Sep-Oct Impact factor: 3.170