Urolithiasis in pregnancy.

The presentation of urolithiasis is often dramatic, but rarely is it more anxiety provoking than during pregnancy. The evaluation and the intervention are often approached with trepidation as the health of the mother and the fetus must be taken into account. The typical diagnostic course and surgical management used in the nonpregnant population must be reevaluated in the expectant mother. Failure to promptly diagnose and manage urolithiasis during pregnancy may have adverse consequences for mother and child. The authors present a review of the relevant anatomic and physiologic changes of pregnancy as they affect stone disease and outline options for radiologic evaluation and surgical management.