AMPA receptor subunit and splice variant expression in the DLPFC of schizophrenic subjects and rhesus monkeys chronically administered antipsychotic drugs.

Disturbances in glutamate neurotransmission are thought to be one of the major contributing factors to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), glutamate neurotransmission is largely mediated by AMPA receptors. Data regarding alterations of subunit expression in the brains of patients with schizophrenia remain equivocal. This may be due to differences in technique sensitivity, endogenous control selection for normalization of data, or effect of antipsychotic drug treatment in different cohorts of schizophrenia. This study attempted to address these issues by examining the expression of AMPA receptor subunits and splice variants in the DLPFC of two schizophrenia cohorts using quantitative PCR (qPCR) with normalization to the geometric mean of multiple endogenous controls. In addition, a non-human primate model of chronic antipsychotic drug administration was used to determine the extent to which the transcript expression may be altered by antipsychotic drug treatment in the primate DLPFC. AMPA receptor subunits and flip and/or flop splice variants were not significantly different in the DLPFC of schizophrenia subjects versus controls in either of the two cohorts. However, in rhesus monkeys chronically treated with antipsychotic drugs, clozapine treatment significantly decreased GRIA1 and increased GRIA3 mRNA expression, while both clozapine and haloperidol increased the expression of GRIA2 subunit mRNA. Expression of AMPA receptor splice variants was not significantly altered by antipsychotic drug administration. This is the first study to show that AMPA receptor subunit mRNAs in the primate DLPFC are altered by antipsychotic drug administration. Antipsychotic drug-induced alterations may help explain differences in human post-mortem studies regarding AMPA receptor subunit expression and provide some insight into the mechanism of action of antipsychotic drugs.