Truncus arteriosus communis: early and midterm results of early primary repair.

BACKGROUND: Repair of truncus arteriosus communis (TAC) in the neonatal and early infant period has become standard practice in many centers. We report our experience on early primary repair of TAC, with a focus on early and midterm results.
METHODS: From July 1993 to December 2005, 29 patients with median age 28 days (range, 11 to 127), and median body weight 3.1 kg (range, 2.6 to 5.9 kg), underwent primary repair of TAC. The anatomical type of TAC was as follows: A1-2, 27; A3, 0; and A4, 2. Right ventricular outflow tract was reconstructed with an aortic (n = 7) or pulmonary homograft (n = 8), or a bovine (n = 11) or porcine valved xenograft (n = 3). Follow-up was complete for all patients.
RESULTS: Hospital mortality was 3.4% (1 death due to respiratory infection). At a mean follow-up of 74 months (range, 2 to 149), 1 patient died suddenly 2 months after surgery (6-year actuarial survival 93%). Of the 27 midterm survivors, 14 (52%) underwent 30 interventional procedures including percutaneous balloon dilation with or without stenting for right ventricular outflow tract or branch pulmonary artery obstruction. Eight of them were reoperated on for right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery conduit replacement (n = 8, 23%), and aortic valve regurgitation (n = 1, 3.4%). The overall freedom from any reintervention at 6 years was 50%. Aortic valve regurgitation was trace in 15 patients, mild in 8, moderate in 4. All midterm survivors but 1 (26 of 27) had good ventricular function.
CONCLUSIONS: Truncus arteriosus communis repair can be performed early with very low perioperative mortality and satisfactory midterm morbidity; the latter is mainly attributed to right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction. Interventional cardiac catheterization delays inevitable conduit replacement.