Surface morphology and adsorbed proteins affect phagocyte responses to nano-porous alumina.

This study evaluates human neutrophil responses to aluminum oxide membranes with different pore sizes (20 nm and 200 nm in diameter) uncoated and pre-coated with serum, collagen I, or fibrinogen. The effect of released neutrophil granule components on the survival of osteoblastic cells (MG63) bound to the alumina membranes has also been evaluated. Without protein coatings the 20 nm pore-size membranes prompt higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) production as assessed by luminol-amplified chemiluminescence than the 200 nm pore-size membranes. Such pore-size depending responses were also found on membranes pre-coated with fibrinogen, but not with collagen or serum were in fact a much lower ROS production was observed. In addition, uncoated and fibrinogen-coated membranes prompt stronger release of the granule enzymes, myeloperoxidase and elastase, than collagen or serum-coated alumina. Equally important, we found that surface-mediated phagocyte activation and the subsequent release of granule components had a significant affect on the adhesion, viability and proliferation of osteoblasts. This stresses the importance of studying not only cell/surface interactions but also cell/cell interactions in wound healing and tissue regeneration processes.