Role of water upon the formation of acrylamide in a potato model system.

The moisture sorption isotherms of a commercial potato powder were investigated at 20 degrees C for water activities ranging from 0.11 to 0.97. The sorption isotherms were typical type-II sigmoidal curves, with a steep increase in moisture content for water activities above 0.9 and exhibiting hysteresis over the whole water activity range. On the basis of the isotherms, the influence of the initial water activity and moisture content on both Maillard browning and acrylamide formation was determined by heating oil containing potato powder mixtures in a closed stainless-steel tubular reactor. The Maillard browning, as determined spectrophotometrically, showed an optimum at intermediate water activities. The yields of acrylamide, expressed relatively to the molar amount of asparagine, remained constant below 0.8 aw and below moisture contents of about 20% (on a dry basis). For the more intense heat treatments, an increased acrylamide yield was however observed at higher moisture contents, with an optimum at water contents of about 100% (on a dry basis). However, this increase and optimum was not observed at less intense heat treatments. At moisture contents above 100%, a significant decrease in acrylamide yields was assessed, although the water activity increased only marginally in this area of the sorption isotherms. It was thus observed that the acrylamide content was rather dependent upon the moisture content than upon the water activity in the high-moisture potato powder model system.