AIM: To study the multifactorial correlates of adolescents' use of legal and illegal substances in six European countries and to assess whether a common pattern of factors exists irrespective of the countries' different sociocultural backgrounds. DESIGN: Cross-sectional European school population survey (ESPAD) following standardized methodology. PARTICIPANTS: National probability samples of 16-year-old high school students from Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Romania, Slovenia and the UK. Total sample 16,445. MEASUREMENTS: Anonymous questionnaire self-administered in the classroom. Self-reported use of tobacco, alcohol, marijuana and other illegal drugs. Correlates examined: environmental, such as peer culture and family-related; behavior-related such as antisocial behavior, truancy and anomie; and psychological factors such as self-esteem and depressive mood. FINDINGS: Separate logistic regressions for the two genders produced a set of psychosocial correlates common to the use of all legal and illegal substances. The strongest were peer and older sibling models of use, and peer-oriented lifestyle, followed by patterns of antisocial behavior and truancy. Family-related variables such as not living with both parents, parental monitoring and relationships with parents were less significant. Self-esteem and depressive mood were not significant. Girls' use of substances, especially illegal ones, showed stronger associations than boys' with a deviant behavior pattern. Few interactions between country and other correlates were significant. CONCLUSIONS: Common correlates can be identified across countries. Older siblings' and peers' substance have a strong impact on adolescents' use. Preventive interventions should include all substances with addictive potential.
AIM: To study the multifactorial correlates of adolescents' use of legal and illegal substances in six European countries and to assess whether a common pattern of factors exists irrespective of the countries' different sociocultural backgrounds. DESIGN: Cross-sectional European school population survey (ESPAD) following standardized methodology. PARTICIPANTS: National probability samples of 16-year-old high school students from Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Romania, Slovenia and the UK. Total sample 16,445. MEASUREMENTS: Anonymous questionnaire self-administered in the classroom. Self-reported use of tobacco, alcohol, marijuana and other illegal drugs. Correlates examined: environmental, such as peer culture and family-related; behavior-related such as antisocial behavior, truancy and anomie; and psychological factors such as self-esteem and depressive mood. FINDINGS: Separate logistic regressions for the two genders produced a set of psychosocial correlates common to the use of all legal and illegal substances. The strongest were peer and older sibling models of use, and peer-oriented lifestyle, followed by patterns of antisocial behavior and truancy. Family-related variables such as not living with both parents, parental monitoring and relationships with parents were less significant. Self-esteem and depressive mood were not significant. Girls' use of substances, especially illegal ones, showed stronger associations than boys' with a deviant behavior pattern. Few interactions between country and other correlates were significant. CONCLUSIONS: Common correlates can be identified across countries. Older siblings' and peers' substance have a strong impact on adolescents' use. Preventive interventions should include all substances with addictive potential.
Authors: Cheryl Slomkowski; Katherine J Conger; Richard Rende; Elsa Heylen; Wendy M Little; Barbara Shebloski; Patricia Fox; Jessie L Craine; Rand D Conger Journal: Eur J Dev Sci Date: 2009-09-01
Authors: Tilda Farhat; Bruce G Simons-Morton; Anna Kokkevi; Winfried Van der Sluijs; Anastasios Fotiou; Emmanuel Kuntsche Journal: J Early Adolesc Date: 2011-12-05
Authors: M A Bertocci; G Bebko; A Versace; S Iyengar; L Bonar; E E Forbes; J R C Almeida; S B Perlman; C Schirda; M J Travis; M K Gill; V A Diwadkar; J L Sunshine; S K Holland; R A Kowatch; B Birmaher; D A Axelson; T W Frazier; L E Arnold; M A Fristad; E A Youngstrom; S M Horwitz; R L Findling; M L Phillips Journal: Psychol Med Date: 2016-12-21 Impact factor: 7.723
Authors: Anthony Spirito; Lynn Hernandez; Kristine Marceau; Mary Kathryn Cancilliere; Nancy P Barnett; Hannah R Graves; Ana Maria Rodriguez; Valerie S Knopik Journal: J Subst Abuse Treat Date: 2017-03-02
Authors: Rob Gommans; Gonneke W J M Stevens; Emily Finne; Antonius H N Cillessen; Meyran Boniel-Nissim; Tom F M ter Bogt Journal: Int J Public Health Date: 2014-12-04 Impact factor: 3.380
Authors: Debora L Oh; Julia E Heck; Carolyn Dresler; Shane Allwright; Margaretha Haglund; Sara S Del Mazo; Eva Kralikova; Isabelle Stucker; Elizabeth Tamang; Ellen R Gritz; Mia Hashibe Journal: BMC Public Health Date: 2010-02-17 Impact factor: 3.295