BACKGROUND: Overweight and metabolic syndrome (MES) are emerging in both adult and paediatric populations. AIMS: To study the prevalence of and associated risk factors for the MES, using the National Cholesterol Education Program definition, among Hong Kong Chinese adolescents studying in secondary schools. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, population-based study. A sample of 2115 Chinese adolescents was randomly selected from 14 secondary schools throughout Hong Kong. Data on anthropometric parameters, fasting blood and urine samples were collected in the school setting. Information regarding the adolescent's family history of diabetes, perinatal history, socioeconomic status and school grading was evaluated. RESULTS: The prevalence of MES was 2.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.8 to 3.1), with no significant difference between boys (2.9%) and girls (2%). The prevalence of various components of MES was 32.2% (30.2 to 34.2) for hypertension, 10.9% (9.6 to 12.2) for increased triglyceride, 9.0% (7.8 to 10.2) for central adiposity, 2.4% (1.7 to 3) for low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and 0.3% (0.1 to 0.6) for impaired fasting glucose. On multivariate analysis, overweight (odds ratio 32.2; 95% CI 13.2 to 78.4), positive family history of diabetes (4.3; 1.3 to 14.1) and studying at schools of lower academic grading (5.5; 2.2 to 13.7) were found to be independent risk factors for MES. CONCLUSION: A comparable prevalence of MES (2%) is observed in our study group Chinese adolescent girls and in US girls (2.1%), but a lower prevalence in Chinese boys (2.9%) than in US boys (6.1%). In our study, 41.8% harbour at least one component of the syndrome. Both families and schools should be alerted to this growing epidemic.
BACKGROUND: Overweight and metabolic syndrome (MES) are emerging in both adult and paediatric populations. AIMS: To study the prevalence of and associated risk factors for the MES, using the National Cholesterol Education Program definition, among Hong Kong Chinese adolescents studying in secondary schools. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, population-based study. A sample of 2115 Chinese adolescents was randomly selected from 14 secondary schools throughout Hong Kong. Data on anthropometric parameters, fasting blood and urine samples were collected in the school setting. Information regarding the adolescent's family history of diabetes, perinatal history, socioeconomic status and school grading was evaluated. RESULTS: The prevalence of MES was 2.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.8 to 3.1), with no significant difference between boys (2.9%) and girls (2%). The prevalence of various components of MES was 32.2% (30.2 to 34.2) for hypertension, 10.9% (9.6 to 12.2) for increased triglyceride, 9.0% (7.8 to 10.2) for central adiposity, 2.4% (1.7 to 3) for low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and 0.3% (0.1 to 0.6) for impaired fasting glucose. On multivariate analysis, overweight (odds ratio 32.2; 95% CI 13.2 to 78.4), positive family history of diabetes (4.3; 1.3 to 14.1) and studying at schools of lower academic grading (5.5; 2.2 to 13.7) were found to be independent risk factors for MES. CONCLUSION: A comparable prevalence of MES (2%) is observed in our study group Chinese adolescent girls and in US girls (2.1%), but a lower prevalence in Chinese boys (2.9%) than in US boys (6.1%). In our study, 41.8% harbour at least one component of the syndrome. Both families and schools should be alerted to this growing epidemic.
Authors: Saul Genuth; K G M M Alberti; Peter Bennett; John Buse; Ralph Defronzo; Richard Kahn; John Kitzmiller; William C Knowler; Harold Lebovitz; Ake Lernmark; David Nathan; Jerry Palmer; Robert Rizza; Christopher Saudek; Jonathan Shaw; Michael Steffes; Michael Stern; Jaako Tuomilehto; Paul Zimmet Journal: Diabetes Care Date: 2003-11 Impact factor: 19.112
Authors: Ram Weiss; James Dziura; Tania S Burgert; William V Tamborlane; Sara E Taksali; Catherine W Yeckel; Karin Allen; Melinda Lopes; Mary Savoye; John Morrison; Robert S Sherwin; Sonia Caprio Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2004-06-03 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: Trevor S Ferguson; Marshall K Tulloch-Reid; Novie O M Younger; Jennifer M Knight-Madden; Maureen Samms-Vaughan; Deanna Ashley; Jan Van den Broeck; Rainford J Wilks Journal: BMC Public Health Date: 2010-06-03 Impact factor: 3.295
Authors: Alice P S Kong; Kai-Chow Choi; Albert M C Li; Stanley S C Hui; Michael H M Chan; Y K Wing; Ronald C W Ma; Christopher W K Lam; Joseph T F Lau; Wing Yee So; Gary T C Ko; Juliana C N Chan Journal: BMC Public Health Date: 2010-06-03 Impact factor: 3.295
Authors: C H T Tam; Y Wang; J Luan; H M Lee; A O Y Luk; G E Tutino; P C Y Tong; A P S Kong; W Y So; J C N Chan; R C W Ma Journal: Nutr Diabetes Date: 2014-03-10 Impact factor: 5.097
Authors: Claudia H T Tam; Ronald C W Ma; Wing Yee So; Ying Wang; Vincent K L Lam; Soren Germer; Mitchell Martin; Juliana C N Chan; Maggie C Y Ng Journal: Diabetes Date: 2008-12-10 Impact factor: 9.461
Authors: Gary T C Ko; Risa Ozaki; Gary W K Wong; Alice P S Kong; Wing-Yee So; Peter C Y Tong; Michael H M Chan; Chung-Shun Ho; Christopher W K Lam; Juliana C N Chan Journal: BMC Pediatr Date: 2008-03-04 Impact factor: 2.125
Authors: Maggie C Y Ng; Kyong Soo Park; Bermseok Oh; Claudia H T Tam; Young Min Cho; Hyoung Doo Shin; Vincent K L Lam; Ronald C W Ma; Wing Yee So; Yoon Shin Cho; Hyung-Lae Kim; Hong Kyu Lee; Juliana C N Chan; Nam H Cho Journal: Diabetes Date: 2008-05-09 Impact factor: 9.461
Authors: Alice P S Kong; Kai Chow Choi; Ruth S M Chan; Kris Lok; Risa Ozaki; Albert M Li; Chung Shun Ho; Michael H M Chan; Mandy Sea; C Jeyakumar Henry; Juliana C N Chan; Jean Woo Journal: BMC Public Health Date: 2014-02-19 Impact factor: 3.295
Authors: Claudia H T Tam; Janice S K Ho; Ying Wang; Vincent K L Lam; Heung Man Lee; Guozhi Jiang; Eric S H Lau; Alice P S Kong; Xiaodan Fan; Jean L F Woo; Stephen K W Tsui; Maggie C Y Ng; Wing Yee So; Juliana C N Chan; Ronald C W Ma Journal: PLoS One Date: 2013-12-20 Impact factor: 3.240