[Tuberculosis during treatment by TNFalpha-inhibitors].

The clinical forms of tuberculosis that occur during anti-TNFalpha treatment are frequently extrapulmonary or even disseminated and life-threatening. The paradoxical reactions that can occur under appropriate treatment after stopping TNFalpha inhibitors raise the question of an immune restoration phenomenon. Adverse drug reaction reporting and epidemiologic studies, despite their methodological limitations, appear to show an excess risk of tuberculosis. Experimental studies reinforce these data. The French drug agency (Afssaps) has issued guidelines for the prevention and management of tuberculosis occurring under anti-TNFalpha treatment. Analogous guidelines in Spain led to a reduction in the incidence of these cases.