AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the first decade of highly active antiretroviral therapy.

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has had a dramatic effect on the natural history of HIV disease, reducing the incidence of opportunistic infections and Kaposi's sarcoma, and improving overall survival. Since HAART became available in 1996, the incidence of AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) has fallen, and although there has been no change in the clinical features at presentation, the overall survival of patients with AIDS-related NHL has improved. Prognosis is now determined chiefly by lymphoma-associated factors similar to those in the general population (the International Prognostic Index), although serum CD4 count at lymphoma diagnosis is an additional independent prognostic factor. The management of patients with AIDS-related NHL with either infusional chemotherapy or CHOP-like regimens (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone) achieves response and survival rates approaching those observed in the general population. However, careful attention should be paid to central nervous system chemoprophylaxis, opportunistic infection prophylaxis and potential drug interactions between cytotoxic and antiretroviral therapies. In the era of HAART, the goal of therapy for these patients is now complete remission rather than palliation.