Nursing morale: what does the literature reveal?

There is increasing attention to nursing workforce issues such as recruitment, retention, turnover, workplace health and safety issues and their impact on quality patient care. A number of these problems have been linked to poor morale. While there has been a lack of consensus on the determinants of morale, it is clear that the outcomes of poor morale not only add considerable cost to the organisation but also impact negatively on patient care. This article provides a systematic overview of the literature surrounding nursing morale and the variables identified in the literature that impact upon morale, and discusses the implications for future research.